GEOGRAPHY(CHANGING PLACES) Flashcards

Question

how has globalisation increased people experience of far places?

Answer 1

>improvements in travel technology means that far places are quicker to get to, so can be experienced more easily and frequently >improvements in ICT means that people can be very familiar with media places

Answer 2

term used to describe how globalisation is making distant places look and feel the same

Answer 3

the internal factors which shape a places character. these could be physical (eg its location, topography) or human (land use, built environment, demographic)

Answer 4

the external factors that shape the character of a place. these include the relationship to other places and the flows in an out of a place (eg ideas, money, resources, people)

Answer 5

>LOCATION refers to where a place is, eg on the coast or inland. places can be characterised by the features that are present because of their location. eg a coastal place may be characterised as a port. inland could be seen as local centre of trade if it was located near road routes >TOPOGRAPHY refers to the shape of the landscape. topography can affect other factors, such as land use. flat places may be suitable for large arable farming (crops) >PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY refers to the environmental features, eg soil, rock type. could be characterised directly by their physical geography, eg place could have igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks which form in different landscapes. other factors such as economic characteristics, a place that is rich in resources such as iron and coal may be characterised by the industries that can exist there, such as mining.

Answer 6

>LAND USE refers to the human activities that occur, eg farming, industry, leisure. a place could be though of as rural if the land sue is farming >BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE refers to aspects of the environment that are built by humans. infrastructure specifically relates to the structure built for transport, communications and services. >DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 7

>RELATIVE LOCATION TO OTHER PLACES = eg villages and towns outside major cities can be characterised as commuter settlements >TOURISM = eg land use and economic characteristics of las Vegas is affected by tourism. the casinos and hotels are there for the tourists, and the create employment opportunities for the local people >FLOW OF CAPITAL = eg Japanese car manufacturer NISSAN has a factory in Sunderland. flow of investment from Japan has influenced some characteristics of Sunderland, including land use and type of employment available. >MIGRATION = parts of the UK have an ethnically diverse population due to migration from other parts of the world. gives some places a unique demographic. eg 27% of Birmingham population are asian descent.

Answer 8

>FLOW OF PEOPLE >FLOW OF MONEY AND INVESTMENT (AND IDEAS) >FLOW OF RESOURCES

Answer 9

>FLOWS OF PEOPLE can change any of the demographic characteristics. example of this on a local scale, younger people have been having UCKFIELD, Sussex, as they can't afford to buy a house in the area, leaving increasing number of old people >FLOWS OF MONEY AND INVESTMENT = either by governments or business. eg governments can invest money in specific places to attract people to live there. >FLOWS OF IDEAS AND RESOURCES = ideas such as the use of birth control can flow to new places and reduce birth rate and therefore reduce population size. eg, many of the poorest countries in the word have the lowest usage of birth control and rapid population growth. UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNPF) have been set up to spread knowledge and ideas about birth control, as well as supplying resources to aid control, such as condoms

Answer 10

cultural characteristics are to do with how people live their lives, eg the foods, clothing, language and beliefs/values. >FLOWS OF PEOPLE = new people moving to a placer even visiting, bring their culture with them. eg in the 20th century, UK experienced mass international migrations from INDIA and PAKISTAN. this has created multi-ethnic communities, greater mix of language and religions practised. >FLOWS OF MONEY, INVESTMENT AND IDEAS = new cultural ideas introduced to places. eg fast food companies from the USA such as KFC and McDonalds, opened restaurants in china and have grown rapidly since. eating habits have changed in china as a result, with many people preferring western style fast food over traditional Chinese food

Answer 11

>FLOWS OF PEOPLE = people visiting can change economic characteristics. eg St Ives in Cornwall used to be a fishing settlement, but is now a popular tourist destination. increased tourists have altered jobs available, eg service based jobs in hospitality. >FLOWS OF RESOURCES = outward flow of local product or natural resources from a place can impact local economies. products that may have been consumed locally or regionally, can now be sold to global markets. >FLOWS OF MONEY AND INVESTMENT = reduced investment and competition from global markets has led to decline of some primary industries. eg in the UK during the deindustrialisation. for example, thousands of jobs were lost in south Wales when coal mines were closed.

Answer 12

>FLOWS OF PEOPLE = regional migration of people from rural areas to urban has changed levels of social inequality. for example in INDIA , rural to urban migration resulted in sums developing in cities scubas MUMBAI. they have low quality of life, without access to clean water etc >FLOW OF RESOURCES = outward flow of natural resources from poorer countries can change levels of social inequality. eg large amounts of oil exported from NIGERIA >FLOW OF MONEY AND INVESTMENT = process of gentrification has improved social characteristics of some places. NOTTING HILL was once the most deprived areas in London, but now has much lower levels of deprivation.

Answer 13

where wealthier people buy property in rundown areas and improve the housing

Answer 14

decisions of TNC's have major impacts on demographic, social and economic characteristics. > EG DETROIT in the USA was a major global centre of car manufacturing, with TNCs such as ford located there. > investment from the TNC's gave the city a massive economic boost, jobs created with offered high wages > altered demographic by attracting large number of migrants, both from USA and other parts of the world, population grew to peak 1.8 milliom > around 1950s, many manufacturing closed or relocated to places with cheaper labour such as Mexico. this led to : -MASSIVE POPULATION DECLINE, reduced to around 700 000 -REDUCTION IN EMPLOYMENT -SOCIAL DEPRIVATION

Answer 15

government can directly affect the demographic by introducing policies to control population. EG in china the one child policy was introduced as a method of reducing rapid population growth. other governments can affect cultural characteristics by controlling immigration.

Answer 16

how individuals portray places they know about to others.

Answer 17

>individuals who are proud may present it to others in a positive way, whilst individuals with negative experiences do not >organisation companies such as tourism companies may present places positively, as they stand to gain from how the places are perceived.

Answer 18

they can change how people behave toward those places. eg positive feelings, make a person decide whether to go on holiday or invest a business there. negative feelings may make them avoid that place. they also may generate peoples identity (sense of who they are).

Answer 19

>GOVERNMENTS try to attract investment into the area >CORPORATE BODIES (eg businesses) do this to generate profit, eg from tourism >COMMUNITY = improve local economy or lives of local people.

Answer 20

>PLACE MARKETING = how places are 'sold', like products to consumers. marketing companies may be employed to produce websites, design logos etc. >REIMAGING = changing existing negative perceptions. >REBRANDING = giving a place a new identity that is appealing to people and investors, achieved by place marketing and reimaging.

Answer 21

-STATISTICS lot of quantitative info about what the places are like, eg population, income, crime rates etc. can be in form of raw data or represented in graphs such as pie charts. they are objective, but can be used subjectively. people can select what data they choose to show and not show. they don't tell you anything about the sense of place -MAPS data that has a location. can show physical features. may show some qualitative data such as happiness, identify sense of place. maps can be misleading, eg historical maps may be innacurate

Answer 22

>FILMS, PHOTOS AND ART visual representations show what a place looks like. only represent what the artist wants to show you. photographs only show a place from a given moment. photos can be altered so they look different to reality films can evoke sense of place, but depends on story being told. paintings are less reliable than films as it is the artists interpretation, can be good at conveying sense of place and character though. >STORIES, ARTICLES, MUSIC AND POETRY written can describe places, show how it feels to be in that place, only offer perspective of the author though. not complete picture. newspaper articles give a lot of details but may be biased. they may focus on topics that will help them sell more copies. they all give an emotional impression but only from the writers perspective.

GEOGRAPHY(CHANGING PLACES) Flashcards

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