Geography-Coasts Revision

Question 1

What are the 4 oceans?

Answer 1

Indian, pacific, atlantic, arctic

Question 2

Coast

Answer 2

Where the land meets the sea

Question 3

Contructive waves

Answer 3

• Strong swash
• Carries material up the beach
• And then deposits it

Question 4

Destructive waves

Answer 4

• Weak swash
• Doesn’t transport sediment

Question 5

Erosion

Answer 5

The wearing away of rocks by water and the sea

Question 6

Transport

Answer 6

The movement of material by the sea

Question 7

Deposition

Answer 7

The dropping of material that was transported by the sea

Question 8

Hydraulic action

Answer 8

When
- Water is forces into the rock
- The air inside gets squashed
- The air blasts out when the wave retreats
- This can break the rock apart

Question 9

Abrasion

Answer 9

• Pieces of rocks are picked up and hurled at the cliff (by the
  sea)
• They scrape and gouge (make a hole) the rock

Question 10

Attrition

Answer 10

• Lose sediments carried by the sea knock into eachother
• They break down
• And become smaller and rounder

Question 11

Corrosion

Answer 11

• Chemical action of the sea water
• Acids in the water dissolve rocks

Question 12

How do humans use the coast? (4)

Answer 12

Trading, tourism, defence, fishing

Question 13

How does the sea move?

Answer 13

Tides, prevailing wind

Question 14

Tides

Answer 14

The natural rise and fall of the sea level due to the gravitational pull of the moon.

Question 15

Prevailing wind

Answer 15

The dominant wind direction

Question 16

How does wind speed affect the sea?

Answer 16

Wind pushes the waves
- The stronger the wind the more energy for the waves

Question 17

How does the duration of the wind affect the sea?

Answer 17

• The longer the wind blows the more time it has to transfer energy to the waves

Question 18

How does the fetch affect the sea?

Answer 18

It’s distance travelled over open water by a wave before it hits a coastline.

Question 19

______rocks are easier to erode

Answer 19

Soft

Question 20

What are the two landforms at the coast?

Answer 20

• Line of weakness (crack) , caves, arches, stacks and stumps
• Spits and bars

Question 21

Spit

Answer 21

Where the beach extends out into the sea

Question 22

Bar

Answer 22

Where a spit joins two headlands together

Question 23

What causes spits and bars?

Answer 23

Longshore drift
- Waves blow up the beach at an angle due to the prevailing wind
- Gravity pulls the water straight back to the sea
- Over time sediment is transported along the beach

Question 24

Hard engineering

Answer 24

Involves building artificial defences that stops the natural processes from taking place.

Question 25

Soft engineering

Answer 25

A more natural approach where processes are allowed to work, and protection is more environmentally sustainable.

Question 26

Name 3 kinds of hard engineering coastal defences.

Answer 26

1. Sea wall 2. Groynes 3. Gablons

Question 27

Name 3 kinds of soft engineering coastal defences.

Answer 27

1. Beach nourishment 2. Dune regeneration 3. Marsh creation