Geography exam Flashcards
1
Q
Mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude allow us to determine the:
- physical site characteristics of all places on earth.
- relative location of a particular place.
- arrangement of objects on earth’s surface.
- absolute location of a particular place.
A
absolute location of a particular place.
2
Q
The spread of Christianity into North and South America can be explained best through the theme of: -human-environment interaction. -region. -movement. -location.
A
movement.
3
Q
Which of the following is a formal region?
- the northeast United States
- the area served by the third Federal Reserve Bank
- the attendance area of your school district
- Mexico
A
Mexico
4
Q
The _____ is used as the starting point for measuring latitude.
A
Equator
5
Q
Which biome is typically found in tropical latitude regions that receive fewer than 10 inches of rainfall annually?
- tropical rainforest
- desert
- steppe
- tundra
A
desert
6
Q
Which subject would physical geographers be least likely to study?
- mountains
- plant life
- weather
- churches
A
churches
7
Q
Which climate generally has cold temperatures due to elevation?
- polar
- arid
- tropical
- highland
A
highland
8
Q
The question “what is it like there?” is used to address which theme of geography?
- place
- human-environment interaction
- movement
- location
A
place
9
Q
If acidic rain falls on rocks, what can occur?
- landslides
- erosion
- chemical weathering
- earthquakes
A
chemical weathering
10
Q
At a _____ plate boundary, tectonic plates are moving past each other in opposite directions.
A
Transform
11
Q
What characteristics can expanding populations be expected to have?
- high birth rates, high death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
- low birth rates, low death rates, and relatively long life expectancies
- low birth rates, low death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
- high birth rates, low death rates, and relatively long life expectancies
A
high birth rates, high death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
12
Q
What characteristics can stationary populations be expected to have?
- low birth rates, high death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
- high birth rates, low death rates, and relatively long life expectancies
- low birth rates, low death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
- high birth rates, high death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
A
high birth rates, low death rates, and relatively long life expectancies
13
Q
What characteristics can contracting populations be expected to have?
- low birth rates, low death rates, and relatively long life expectancies
- high birth rates, high death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
- high birth rates, low death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
- low birth rates, low death rates, and relatively short life expectancies
A
low birth rates, low death rates, and relatively long life expectancies
14
Q
Which of the following variables could be studied through demographics to help plan where to build a school?
- education level of a population
- all of these
- age distribution of a population
- percentage of population with a library card
A
all of these
15
Q
Which of the following best describes the statistic called “household median income?”
- the middle income amount for a family in an area
- the average income for a family in an area
- the most common income for a family in an area
- the poverty line for a family in an area
A
the middle income amount for a family in an area
16
Q
If a geographer sees that a city is expanding geographically, each household has an average of 2.2 cars, and more gasoline was consumed last year than ever before. The geographer might come to the conclusion that the traffic in this city is increasing. What is this conclusion an example of?
- inference
- guess
- demographics
- proven fact
A
inference
17
Q
Which of the following is true about a population pyramid?
- They are divided based on socio-economic status.
- Genders are shown separately.
- Each age is listed individually.
- Genders are shown together.
A
Genders are shown separately.
18
Q
How is a country’s death rate (or mortality rate) calculated?
- median age of person who dies each year
- average age of person who dies each year
- number of deaths per 1,000 people each year
- number of deaths each year
A
number of deaths per 1,000 people each year
19
Q
How is a country’s birth rate calculated?
- average age of mothers who give birth each year
- average number of children each family has
- number of live births that occur each year per 1,000 people
- number of live births that occur each year
A
number of live births that occur each year per 1,000 people
20
Q
Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it is known as _____.
- demographics
- human geography
- evaluations
- analytics
A
demographics
21
Q
Human Geography is the study of
- the position of the Earth in relation to the solar system.
- ancient human cities.
- how humans affect and are effected by the Earth.
- the study of natural regions on the face of the Earth.
A
how humans affect and are effected by the Earth.
22
Q
Which of the following is NOT a reason why we study demographics?
- Predict population growth rates and life expectancies
- Identify population clusters
- To create boundaries and divisions between groups of people
- Help inform decisions to allocate resources
A
To create boundaries and divisions between groups of people
23
Q
Distortion is a problem when mapping Earth because________________.
- current map-producing technology is limited
- Earth’s populations are constantly changing
- Earth’s curved surface is transferred to a flat surface
- climate conditions are difficult to measure
A
Earth’s curved surface is transferred to a flat surface
24
Q
The art and science of mapmaking is called:
- spatial analysis
- topography
- cartography
- territorial morphology
A
cartography
25
What are the ways that culture can change?
- innovation, acculturation, and diffusion
- get better, stay the same, or get worse
- old fashioned, post-modern, and current
- music, fashion, and art
innovation, acculturation, and diffusion
26
What mountain range runs from Canada to Mexico?
- Appalachian Mountains
- Adirondack Mountains
- White Mountains
- Rocky Mountains
Rocky Mountains
27
Which of these landforms was created by glaciers passing over the land?
- the Great Lakes
- the Great Plains
- the Sierra Nevada Mountains
- the Gulf of Mexico
the Great Plains
28
Which of the following correctly names the regions of the United States recognized by the Census Bureau?
- the West, Southwest, Midwest, and North
- the South, Southeast, North, and Northeast
- the Midwest, Northeast, South, and West
- the West, Midwest, North, and Northeast
the Midwest, Northeast, South, and West
29
What region as a whole has a greater average population than the rest of the country?
- the Northeastern United States
- the Southern United States
- the Western United States
- the Midwestern United States
the Northeastern United States
30
How many lakes make up the Great Lakes?
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 3
5
31
What region produces the majority of the food grown in the United States?
- the Northeastern United States
- the Midwestern United States
- the Southern United States
- the Western United States
the Midwestern United States
32
What physical feature once served as a natural boundary to western expansion?
- the Great Plains
- the Appalachian Mountains
- the Mississippi River
- the Great Lakes
the Appalachian Mountains
33
In which region of the United States would you most likely find a desert?
- the Northeastern United States
- the Southern United States
- the Western United States
- the Midwestern United States
the Western United States
34
What consequence is the American West facing because of its favorable climate and ample available land?
- high crime rates
- housing shortages
- water shortages
- food shortages
water shortages
35
The European Explorers were the first humans in North America.
- True
- False
False
36
When were the first English settlements established on the Eastern coast?
- 1600s
- 1400s
- 1500s
- 1800s
1600s
37
What do geographers predict will happen to the population of the United States by the year 2050?
- The percentage of Caucasians in the United States will continue to increase.
- The population will have doubled.
- The total population will have decreased.
- The percentage of Caucasians in the United States will be less than 50%.
The percentage of Caucasians in the United States will be less than 50%.
38
Which of the following would most likely have the highest population density?
- a seasonal retirement community
- an urban area with good public transportation
- a suburban area with good schools
- a rural area where land is affordable
an urban area with good public transportation
39
Which of the following is NOT understood as a cultural product?
- climate
- clothing
- art
- food
climate
40
Cultures are unique to one country and stay contained within. True or False?
- True
- False
False
41
What cultural attribute of the United States attracts immigrants to want to leave their country and come to the United States?
- the "American Dream" of prosperity
- US cultural products can only be found here
- the lack of regional culture
- the strong counter-culture present in US cities
the "American Dream" of prosperity
42
Which of the following is an example of a natural boundary also serving as a political boundary?
- the 37ºN latitude serving as the Southern Boundary of Colorado
- the Rocky Mountains dividing the Western United States from the Midwestern United States
- Highway 610 separating inner Houston from outer Houston
- the Rio Grande creating the boundary between Texas and Mexico
the Rio Grande creating the boundary between Texas and Mexico
43
What does NOT take place in a free market economy?
- The economy is based on supply and demand.
- People are free to establish businesses and sell products.
- People are allowed to choose what kind of work to do.
- The government establishes the prices for goods and services.
The government establishes the prices for goods and services.
44
How can the Southern United States be divided into smaller regions?
- Gulf Coast, East Coast, and Texas
- Northern, Southern, and Western
- West South Central, East South Central, and South Atlantic
- Texas, Georgia, and Florida
West South Central, East South Central, and South Atlantic
45
What is a unique characteristic about the Western United States?
- The Western United States contains the most number of states.
- The Western United States covers the largest land area and includes Alaska and Hawaii.
- The population of the Western United States is over 50% of the total population of the country.
- All of the states in the Western United States use physical boundaries as political boundaries.
The Western United States covers the largest land area and includes Alaska and Hawaii.
46
How much of the North American continent does the USA and Canada occupy?
- 1/2
- 2/3
- 4/5
- 7/8
4/5
47
What European power established colonies in both present day United States and Canada?
- Germany
- Britain
- Australia
- India
Britain
48
Which mountain range is larger?
- Mount Rushmore
- Mississippi Mountains
- Appalachian Mountains
- Rocky Mountains
Rocky Mountains
49
Which of the following are not good uses of water resources in the United States?
- hydro-electric power
- fisheries
- irrigation
- desert hotel fountains
desert hotel fountains
50
Tundra can best be described as ______.
- cold, flat, and large
- warm, mountainous, and wet
- gently sloping, dry, and forested
- temperate, dry, and fertile
cold, flat, and large
51
Which of the following is NOT something that the United States and Canada have in common?
- are constitutional monarchies
- former English colonies
- have fertile farmlands
- navigable waterways
are constitutional monarchies
52
Which of the following is NOT an important waterway in North America?
- the Suez Canal
- the Mackenzie River
- the Great Lakes
- the Mississippi River
the Suez Canal
53
Which state in the United States and province in Canada have maritime climates and enormous mountain chains?
- Colorado and British Columbia
- Washington and Quebec
- Washington and British Columbia
- Colorado and Manitoba
Washington and British Columbia
54
What makes Canada’s Western Region, comprised of the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, the agricultural center of Canada?
- increased infrastructure
- access to navigable waterways
- temperate weather and flat prairie lands
- the Canadian Shield
temperate weather and flat prairie lands
55
The Northern territories of Canada contain many natural resources. What makes access to these resources difficult?
- rockslides and earthquakes
- political unrest
- volcanic activity
- permafrost
permafrost
56
What has caused the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario to grow in population and economic importance?
- growing Gross Domestic Product
- population migration across Canada
- nationalism and a renaissance of French Culture
- access to navigable waterways
access to navigable waterways
57
Where are the oldest American and Canadian colonial settlements found?
- around the Great Lakes
- along the Mississippi and Mackenzie Rivers
- in the northern prairies
- along the Eastern coast
along the Eastern coast
58
How could a geographer support the claim that Canada is densely populated?
- Canada has many large cities.
- Most of Canada's population lives close to the southern border in a small area.
- The life expectancy in Canada is very high.
- Immigration to Canada is steadily increasing.
Most of Canada's population lives close to the southern border in a small area.
59
Canadian culture has been deeply shaped by the rivalry between which two groups?
- those in favor of joining the British commonwealth and those opposed
- the French Catholics and the English Protestants
- the Inuit tribe and the French fur traders
- immigrants from Asia and Eastern Europe
the French Catholics and the English Protestants
60
Canada received nominal independence from ______ in 1867.
- France
- Britain
- Germany
- The United States
Britain
61
Aggressive immigration policies in Canada have _____.
- increased the population of Canada
- caused strains on the economy of the United States
- increased immigration in the United States
- caused Canadian cities to be more homogenous
increased the population of Canada
62
The economies of both the United States and Canada are ______.
- primarily service based economies
- completely self-sufficient
- decreasing in size because of NAFTA
- industrial and export oriented
primarily service based economies
63
Citizens of former British colonies who belong to The British Commonwealth have the right to ______.
- change their citizenship
- vote in general elections in England
- travel without a passport
- not pay taxes
vote in general elections in England
64
Urban sprawl is seen in which of the following examples?
- Suburban communities are spread out into the rural fringe of a city.
- Rural communities are shrinking as population decreases and younger generations move away.
- City centers are becoming revitalized with the building of mixed-use high rise buildings.
- Urban farmers establish farmer's markets throughout the cities.
Suburban communities are spread out into the rural fringe of a city
65
Which of the following is NOT an impact of urban sprawl?
- destroyed animal habitat
- possible water shortages
- increased density
- increased traffic
increased density
66
Between which two lines of Latitude is the majority of the Amazon Basin?
- tween 15ºS and 30ºS
- tween 15ºS and 45ºS
- tween the Equator (0º) and 30ºSS
- Between the Equator (0º) and 15ºS
Between the Equator (0º) and 15ºS
67
Las Pampas is a major grassland in which Latin American country?
- Chile
- Venezuela
- Argentina
- Colombia
Argentina
68
What major lake is found in the Andes, and sits between the cities of La Paz and Cuzco?
- Lake Titicaca
- Lake Managua
- Lake Valencia
- Lake Atitlan
Lake Titicaca
69
What major islands lay just to the east of Argentina?
- South Sandwich Islands
- Canary Islands
- Galapagos Islands
- Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands
70
What major river forms a delta and empties into the Atlantic, just south of Trinidad?
- Orinoco River
- Rio Branco
- Animas River
- Amazon River
Orinoco River
71
What is the name of the mountain (map symbol - ∆) that sits just south of 30˚S latitude and just east of 75˚W longitude?
- Aconcagua
- Mendoza
- Valparaiso
- Cordoba
Aconcagua
72
Where is the Cristobol Colon Peak found?
- Honduras
- Brazil
- Peru
- Colombia
Colombia
73
Which Greater Antilles island sits between 60˚W longitude and 75˚W longitude and is just south of the Tropic of Cancer?
- Puerto Rico
- Jamaica
- Cuba
- Grenada
Puerto Rico
74
What is the capital of Honduras?
- San Jose
- Bogota
- Tegucigalpa
- Caracas
Tegucigalpa
75
```
What major river system starts at 15˚S latitude and empties into the Atlantic Ocean near Buenos Aires?
Parana
Solado
Negro
Colorado
```
Parana
76
Why are the indigenous (native) tribes of Latin America called "pre-Columbian?"
- They were the dominant races before Columbus arrived in the Americas.
- They were all extinguished during the Columbian Exchange.
- They were the main inhabitants before Colombia became a country.
- They were ancestors of Christopher Columbus.
They were the dominant races before Columbus arrived in the Americas.
77
The Spanish introduced all of the following to the New World except
- the calendar.
- Catholicism.
- diseases.
- advanced weapons.
the calendar.
78
What is a drawback of an international trade agreement, like NAFTA?
- It removes tariffs on imported goods.
- It increases trade between countries.
- Countries with stronger economies can exploit countries with weaker markets.
- It increases economic growth.
Countries with stronger economies can exploit countries with weaker markets.
79
Which Latin American country is likely to become the leader in human trafficking in the next decade?
- Brazil
- Colombia
- Mexico
- Cuba
Mexico
80
Why are the Inca known for their remarkable architecture?
- They used resources from the surrounding jungle in their construction.
- They carved their cities into the volcanic rock of the Caribbean islands.
- They built cities high in the Andes Mountains.
- They built movable structures for their nomadic lifestyle.
They built cities high in the Andes Mountains.
81
In which region of Europe are environmental conditions the worst?
- Eastern Europe
- Southern Europe
- Benelux countries (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg)
- Scandinavia
Eastern Europe
82
Which of the following is a main source of Europe's environmental problems?
- a decrease in urbanization
- increased investment in renewable resources
- a major nuclear accident
- a lack of agriculture
a major nuclear accident
83
Poland contains large reserves of _________.
- geothermal energy
- diamonds
- coal
- crude oil
coal
84
_________ has been investing heavily in wind energy.
- Southern Europe
- Central Europe
- Scandinavia
- Eastern Europe
Scandinavia
85
True or False: While Europe is a developed and modern region, it deals with issues of environmental degradation.
- True
- False
True
86
Europe is experiencing an increase in ______.
- out-migration
- urbanization
- nuclear disasters
- primary sector activity
urbanization
87
What plan did Europe introduce in 2005 to help the region fight climate change?
- a research program to perfect carbon sequestration
- a program to become the world's leader in solar energy-planting plan
- an emission trading scheme
- a plan to develop clean-burning coal
an emission trading scheme
88
Use the graph below to answer the question that follows:
The Labor Force in Southern Europe
% Labor in Agriculture
% Labor in Industry
% Labor in Services
Greece 12 22 66
Italy 4 28 67
Portugal 12 28 80
Spain 4 24 72
```
In which two countries is agriculture still a relatively significant contributor to the economy?
Portugal and Spain
Greece and Portugal
Italy and Spain
Spain and Greece
```
Greece and Portugal
89
True or False: The region of eastern Europe has a greater amount of pollution than western Europe.
- True
- False
True
90
There are large reserves of fossil fuels in the _______ that Europeans use to satisfy their energy needs.
- Strait of Dover
- Mediterranean Sea
- Sea of China
- North Sea
North Sea
91
The Thames is to London what the Rhine is to:
- Germany.
- Ireland.
- France.
- Croatia.
Germany.
92
Which of the following best describes fjords?
- glacier-created, gouged harbors in northern Europe
- glacier-created, gouged earth for wildflowers
- another word for valleys in Finland
- flat land mass for crops
glacier-created, gouged harbors in northern Europe
93
Which of the following is a natural border that separates France and England?
- Bay of Biscay
- Atlantic Ocean
- Po River
- English Channel
English Channel
94
What type of climate is found in southern Europe?
- Maritime
- Polar
- Semiarid
- Mediterranean
Mediterranean
95
Which of the following is a CORRECT comparison between the regions of Europe and its physical biomes?
- Southern and eastern Europe : taiga and tundra
- Northern Europe : taiga and tundra
- Southern Europe : temperate broadleaf forest
- Northern Europe : temperate broadleaf forest
Northern Europe : taiga and tundra
96
Which region of Europe has the most countries?
- Western Europe
- Eastern Europe
- Northern Europe
- Southern Europe
Eastern Europe
97
What city is considered one of the most populated in Europe?
- London
- Lisbon
- Sofia
- Manchester
London
98
Name the highest point in Western Europe.
- Pike's Peak
- Mount Everest
- Mont Blanc
- Mount Etna
Mont Blanc
99
Where can you visit the Eiffel Tower?
- London, England
- Versailles, Paris
- Paris, Italy
- Paris, France
Paris, France
100
Which of the following is a correct description of the topography of central Europe?
- smooth coastline and sharp escarpments
- low-lying lands and prairies
- flat deserts and oases
- mountainous and hilly
mountainous and hilly
101
Which landform makes travel from central and southern Africa difficult?
- the Great Rift Valley
- Mount Kilimanjaro
- the Sahara Desert
- the Gobi Desert
the Sahara Desert
102
Which river in Africa was the birthplace of the one of the world's first civilizations?
- The Zambezi
- The Congo
- The Senegal
- The Nile
The Nile
103
What created Africa's Great Rift Valley?
- Movement of tectonic plates created cracks that sink into valleys.
- The region was once under the ocean, and it was an ocean trench.
- It was carved out by glacial melt.
- Desertification rendered the region infertile, and erosion made the earth sink.
Movement of tectonic plates created cracks that sink into valleys.
104
Which landform is occasionally found beneath the sand of the Sahara Desert, and can come to the surface, creating an oasis?
- basin
- river
- spring
- aquifer
aquifer
105
Why does most of Africa consist of rainforest?
- The rainforest is located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
- Africa is located between the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
- Africa is close to the Prime Meridian.
- The rainforest has a short rainy season.
The rainforest is located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
106
Since European colonization in the 19th century, countries have relied more on __________ ___________ such as coffee, tea, and sugar which are grown for direct sale
- cheap resources
- cash crops
- colonial mercantilism
cash crops
107
European leaders convened the _________ __________ in 1884-1885 to lay down rules for dividing Africa.
- Declaration of Independence
- Paris Conference
- Berlin Conference
Berlin Conference
108
Africa is a continent that is:
- poor in resources, and therefore undeveloped.
- rich in resources, but undeveloped due to colonization.
- rich in resources, and therefore developed.
- poor in resources, but developed due to colonization.
rich in resources, but undeveloped due to colonization.
109
Apartheid is defined as:
- a major ethnic group located in East Africa.
- an infectious disease marked by chills and fevers that are often fatal.
- complete separation of different races of people.
complete separation of different races of people.
110
One of the problems facing post-colonial Africa is
- ethnic tensions.
- European domination.
- religious wars.
- rapid industrialization.
ethnic tensions.
111
The ethnic struggle between the Tutsis and Hutus was primarily located in which countries?
- Kenya and Sierra Leone
- Ethiopia and Angola
- Liberia and Sierra Leone
- Rwanda and Burundi
Rwanda and Burundi
112
What has been the lasting impact of European imperialism?
- Imperialism has made no noticeable contribution to the culture of the former colony.
- Former colonies reflect their former rulers through language and religion.
- Imperialism has made former colonies much wealthier than countries that were not colonized.
- There are still colonies to this day giving certain countries unfair economic advantages.
Former colonies reflect their former rulers through language and religion.
113
Which of the following is is a direct result of European colonialism in Africa?
- stable economies
- democracy
- civil wars
- growing economies
civil wars
114
Which of the following has had a direct negative environmental impact in Africa?
- foreign aid
- genocide
- desertification
- migration
desertification
115
What is the biggest problem African countries face in their attempt at environmental conservation?
- using foreign aid to fund conservation
- lack of funds to enforce environmental laws
- corruption caused by foreign aid
- conflict in Rwanda
lack of funds to enforce environmental laws
116
Which of the following ended the 2013 Ebola epidemic?
- foreign aid
- genocide of those infected
- programs to help educate people about how to avoid spreading the disease
- new Ebola vaccine
foreign aid
117
Which of the following is true about Ebola and AIDS?
- AIDS is more global because Ebola symptoms advance much more quickly.
- AIDS kills much faster than Ebola.
- Ebola and AIDS are spread the same way.
- More people survive AIDS than Ebola.
AIDS is more global because Ebola symptoms advance much more quickly.
118
How did the Rwandan Genocide affect HIV/AIDS infections?
- Refugees leaving Rwanda spread HIV/AIDS to Europe.
- After the genocide the government had more money to spend on treatments.
- The genocide killed those infected, causing HIV/AIDS to be eradicated.
- Rape was used as a torture tool, causing an increase in AIDS/HIV.
Rape was used as a torture tool, causing an increase in AIDS/HIV.
119
Which of the following ways would be most effective in providing aid to Africa?
- funding projects in health and education
- providing all products Africans need for free
- responding only during an Ebola outbreak
- responding only during conflict like in Rwanda
funding projects in health and education
120
What effect has environmental conservation had on Africa?
- Africans don't see the environment as something to protect.
- People no longer hunt wild game.
- Conservation has caused governments to outlaw pollution sources like cars.
- Conservation has led to more sustainable development.
Conservation has led to more sustainable development.
121
Which of the following is the relative location of a place?
6006 South Cherry Street, Dallas, Texas
The church is located north of Main Street and the courthouse.
The African country of Nigeria is located between 0 and 15 degrees north latitude, and between 0 and 15 degrees east longitude.
29ºN, 96ºW
The church is located north of Main Street and the courthouse
122
"The terrain is rocky, arid, and is home to few animal species." What does this sentence describe?
the relative location of a place
the human characteristics of a place
the human-environment interaction of a place
the physical characteristics of a place
the physical characteristics of a place
123
Humans sometimes put on sunglasses and wear a hat to go outside. What is this an example of?
humans depending on their environment to meet their needs
a modification that humans make on their environment
an adaptation that humans make to live in their environment
a stereotype that defines a perceptual region
an adaptation that humans make to live in their environment
124
```
Watching a television program from Spain is an example of:
the movement of people.
the movement of goods.
the movement of ideas.
the movement of regions.
```
the movement of ideas.
125
```
Which of the following is not a formal region?
The Interstate 35 corridor
The Rust Belt
South Carolina
The Middle East
```
The Interstate 35 corridor
126
Mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude allow us to determine the
arrangement of objects on Earth's surface.
toponym of a particular place.
relative location of a particular place.
absolute location of a particular place.
absolute location of a particular place.
127
```
Which city is located closest to the Prime Meridian?
Stockholm, Sweden
London, England
Montreal, Canada
Moscow, Russia
```
London, England
128
```
Imaginary lines that measure distance north or south of the Equator are known as
Prime Meridian.
Equator.
longitude.
latitude.
```
latitude.
129
```
Imaginary lines that measure distance distance east or west of the prime meridian are known as:
Prime Meridian
latitude
Equator
longitude
```
longitude
130
```
The _____ is the most important parallel of latitude. It circles Earth exactly midway between the North and South Poles.
Latitude
Equator
Prime Meridian
Longitude
```
Equator
131
```
Which of the following is defined as, "moving material to lower elevations and depositing
it"?
metamorphosis
subduction
erosion
chemical weathering
```
erosion
132
```
What type of plate boundary is least likely to produce an earthquake?
divergent
transform
subduction
convergent
```
divergent
133
```
What part of the Earth generates the most heat?
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
```
mantle
134
```
What Earth system do rivers belong to?
hydrosphere
atmosphere
lithosphere
biosphere
```
hydrosphere
135
What evidence supports the theory that the continents were once joined together, forming a supercontinent called Pangaea?
The same animals have been found on all of the continents.
Similar rocks, dating to the same time period, have been found in Africa and South America.
The continents are moving back together, showing that the magnetic pull of the Earth is very strong.
Maps have been drawn to show how the continents could have fit together like a puzzle.
Similar rocks, dating to the same time period, have been found in Africa and South America.
136
Land Formations
Physical
Human
Physical
137
Population Pyramids
Human
Physical
Human
138
Tropic of Cancer
Physical
Human
Physical
139
Biomes
Physical
Human
Physical
140
Mortality Rates
Human
Physical
Human
141
Plate Tectonics
Human
Physical
Physical
142
Longitude and Latitude
Human
Physical
Physical
143
Weather
Physical
Human
Physical
144
States/Countries/Capitals
Human
Physical
Human
145
Prime Meridian
Physical
Human
Physical
146
Demographics
Physical
Human
Human
147
```
What is the study of land use and economic development called?
Economic Geography
Argo-Culture Geography
Population Geography
Venture Geography
```
Economic Geography
148
```
When people move in large numbers from a less industrialized area to a more industrialized area this movement is called _____.
infrastructure
urbanization
scarcity
transference
```
urbanization
149
```
What does GDP stand for?
Growth Domestic Proportion
Gross Domestic Product
Gigabyte Destabilization Program
Great Devalued Population
```
Gross Domestic Product
150
```
What are the 3 categories of resources?
Physical, Immaterial, Supernatural
Trees, Oil, Metal
Foreign, Domestic, Imported
Renewable, Nonrenewable, Inexhaustible
```
Renewable, Nonrenewable, Inexhaustible
151
Which of the following cities come together to form a megalopolis?
Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C.
Houston, Dallas, Austin, and San Antonio
St. Paul, Minneapolis, Chicago, and St. Louis
San Diego, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Phoenix
Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C.
152
What is most notable about the Great Lakes?
They are not actually lakes, but are connected to the world's oceans.
They contain 21% of the world's fresh water.
They completely freeze over in the winter, creating a transportation corridor.
They are located in the Rocky Mountains. between the western and mid-western United States
They contain 21% of the world's fresh water.
153
```
Where in United States would a soybean farm most likely prosper?
Appalachian Mountains
Northeastern United States
Western United States
Midwestern United States
```
Midwestern United States
154
```
Which mountain chain runs from Canada to Alabama?
Rocky Mountains
Adirondack Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
Sierra Nevada Mountains
```
Appalachian Mountains
155
```
Desalination is the process where minerals are removed from saline water. This process can be used to make ocean water into drinking water. In what region of the United State would a desalination plant be most useful?
Southern United States
Midwestern United States
Northeastern United States
Western United States
```
Western United States
156
```
What is the official language of Quebec?
Dutch
French and English
French
English
```
French
157
```
Canada is divided politically into _____.
regions and states
provinces and regions
states and territories
provinces and territories
```
provinces and territories
158
```
What Canadian city is in a very mountainous area, has a maritime climate and is home to many Asian immigrants?
Montreal
Vancouver
Toronto
Manitoba
```
Vancouver
159
What would cause a geographer to consider the population of Canada to be very sparse?
very small ratio of Canadians per square kilometer of total land
small number of Canadian citizens allowed to vote in National elections
large areas of zero inhabitants
reduced Gross Domestic Product over the last decade
very small ratio of Canadians per square kilometer of total land
160
What is the significance of the Canadian Shield, which covers two-thirds of Ontario?
youngest rock in North America with heavy volcanic activity and instability
oldest rock in North America, rich in minerals and precious metals
youngest rock in North America, formed the Bering Straight
oldest rock in North America, covered in grassland great for agriculture
oldest rock in North America, rich in minerals and precious metals
161
Why do farmers in Latin America build terraces?
It is necessary to grow rice.
The terrain is mountainous.
Terraces fertilize the soil.
Terraces are necessary for farming on plains.
The terrain is mountainous.
162
```
What is an example of a pull factor?
unemployment
a good job
poverty
war
```
a good job
163
```
What is an example of a push factor?
job opportunities
good schools
poor health care
good city infrastructure
```
poor health care
164
What is globalization?
a global effort to decrease pollution
economic cooperation between different countries
the growing income gap across the world
the increased ease of travel across the world
economic cooperation between different countries
165
```
What is the term for economic disparity within an area?
income inequality
economic inequality
spatial inequality
wealth inequality
```
spatial inequality
166
```
Which statement is true?
The political left wing is conservative.
The political right wing is liberal.
Democrats are left wing.
Republicans are politically liberal.
```
Democrats are left wing.
167
```
The American, French, and Latin American Revolutions were all influenced by which ideal from the Age of Enlightenment?
popular sovereignty
imperialism
divine right of kings
the abolition of slavery
```
popular sovereignty
168
```
The Cuban Revolution happened during which war?
The Mexican Revolution
World War II
The American Revolution
The Cold War
```
The Cold War
169
```
In which economic system is the means of production owned by the government?
capitalism
democracy
imperialism
communism
```
communism
170
```
About what did the United States and Soviet Union disagree during the Cold War?
slavery
imperialism
political ideology
territory
```
political ideology
171
```
Which of the following is the most common type of vegetation in northern Europe?
tundra and taiga
tundra and temperate steppe
Mediterranean and desert scrub
tropical rainforest
```
tundra and taiga
172
which statement is most correct?
Europeans only settle along the coasts.
Europeans do not settle in urban areas.
Europeans tend to settle in the southern and eastern hemispheres.
Europeans tend to settle in major central urban areas and coastlines.
Europeans tend to settle in major central urban areas and coastlines.
173
True or False: Europeans do not live in the Mediterranean climate.
True
False
False
174
True or False: many of the region's trees have been destroyed due to increased urbanization and development.
True
False
True
175
```
Population pyramids measure a population's
productivity.
life expectancy.
rate of infection.
age and sex composition.
```
age and sex composition.
176
Dependency ratios measure________ within a population.
the number of people others must support
177
```
Botswana's population pyramid tell us that country has
long life expectancy.
low dependency ratios.
high incidence of AIDS.
a lot of young people.
```
a lot of young people.
178
```
The highest incidence of HIV/AIDS infection is in
Europe.
China.
Africa.
the United States.
```
Africa.
179
HIV/AIDS is expected to kill
more people than the Great Plague.
less people than the Great Plague.
the same number of people as the Great Plague.
a greater number of Europeans than Africans.
more people than the Great Plague.
180
```
Europe's population density is highest near
river valleys.
cities.
major waterways.
agricultural areas.
```
major waterways.
181
```
An example of a Romance language is
Italian.
Dutch.
Finnish.
Polish.
```
Italian.
182
```
People in eastern Europe speak a language from a
Germanic sub-family.
Indo-European sub-family.
Slavic sub-family.
Romance sub-family.
```
Slavic sub-family.
183
```
All major European regions depend to some extent on___________for their economies.
the European Union
tourism
manufacturing
mining
```
tourism
184
```
Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland are called Nordic countries because they
rely on shipbuilding.
are part of Northern Europe.
share Viking ancestry.
speak the same language.
```
share Viking ancestry.
185
```
Those most affected by climate change will be
poor people.
old people.
young people.
business people.
```
poor people.
186
```
Although industrialization increased the standard of living for many, it posed risks because factories were
unregulated.
unplanned.
inefficient.
undirected.
```
unregulated.
187
```
The greenhouse effect means the world is
getting warmer.
getting colder.
the same temperature.
getting temperate.
```
getting warmer.
188
```
The term "fossil fuels" refers to
oil and gas.
coal and iron ore.
fossilized wood.
lumber.
```
oil and gas.
189
```
Industrialization was a key factor in
population growth of urban areas.
population growth of rural areas.
a decline in immigration.
overall decline in population.
```
population growth of urban areas.
190
```
Both the Great Potato Famine and the Syrian Refugee Crisis are examples of
reluctant relocation.
voluntary migration.
immigration.
forced migration.
```
reluctant relocation.
191
```
Celebrating St. Patrick's Day in Boston is an example of
acculturation
cultural change
cultural diffusion
cultural transmission
```
cultural diffusion
192
```
________was the cause of the Great Potato famine
Blight
Drought
Mold
Flooding
```
Blight
193
```
Sharecroppers must pay _______ to their landlord
crops
rent
homage
taxes
```
crops
194
```
Syrians are fleeing their country because of which group?
insurgents
NATO forces
ISIS
the Taliban
```
ISIS
195
```
Mapping the spread of a disease is known as
geography.
epidemiology.
cartography.
geology.
```
epidemiology.
196
Which of the following best describes the role of politics in Africa's diseases?
Governments lack the resources, work force, and organization to deal with an epidemic.
Governments have the resources and organization, but do not act due to a lack of communication.
Governments in Africa allow only local control of epidemic situations.
The international community is pledged to help Africa with epidemics.
Governments lack the resources, work force, and organization to deal with an epidemic.
197
What makes Ebola such a feared disease?
It is a sexually transmitted disease.
There is no treatment for Ebola.
It can be regulated with drugs but they are too expensive.
It is lethal and can cause death in as little as eight days.
It is lethal and can cause death in as little as eight days.
198
```
A/an _________ is the widespread incidence of a disease in a very large population.
pandemic
epidemic
epidemiology
outbreak
```
pandemic
199
```
What is the best way to reduce the number of AIDS-infected persons?
Educate both men and women.
Find a cure for AIDS.
Build more hospital infrastructure.
Provide AIDS medication for free.
```
Educate both men and women.
200
Which of the following best describes the Tutsi?
Rwandans who ruled Rwanda for the Belgians
Rwandans who are the majority group
Rwandans who were discriminated against by the Belgians
Rwandans who committed the genocide in 1994
Rwandans who ruled Rwanda for the Belgians
201
```
A major goal of the Hutu-led regime in Rwanda in mid-1994 was to
end the social class system.
eliminate the Tutsi minority.
align with the Soviet Union.
declare independence from Belgium.
```
eliminate the Tutsi minority.
202
In 1994, genocide occurred in Rwanda. Genocide means
the forced migration of people based on ethnicity or religion.
widespread killings of people based on ethnicity or religion.
the random extermination of various individuals.
the systematic annihilation of a variety of unconnected people.
widespread killings of people based on ethnicity or religion.
203
The Rwandan Genocide began when
the Hutu militia leader was killed.
the president of Rwanda was assassinated.
Tutsi rebels from Ethiopia invaded Rwanda.
Rwanda became an independent country.
the president of Rwanda was assassinated.
204
Which of the following best describes the effects of the genocide on Rwanda?
High-level Tutsi officials were tried for crimes against humanity and nearly one million people were killed.
Population increased and refugee camps were established in Rwanda.
Nearly one million people were killed and more than three million Rwandans fled the country.
The Tutsis formed a government to respond to the crisis and the United Nations helped establish an escape route for refugees.
Nearly one million people were killed and more than three million Rwandans fled the country.
205
Which of the following is the best example of environmental conservation?
going on a cruise to see an island
visiting an animal refuge
turning off the water when brushing your teeth
the rise of ecotourism
the rise of ecotourism
206
How does subsistence farming lead to deforestation?
The farmers harvest the trees as a crop.
A lack of water leads to trees dying.
Trees are cut down to make room for farming.
The desert grows due to over-farming the land.
Trees are cut down to make room for farming.
207
Which of the following had the biggest impact on the endangered status of many animals?
farms killing animals to protect their crops
increase in the need for animals for European zoos
advanced hunting weapons
increase in population and a need for food
advanced hunting weapons
208
```
Choose the best example of ecotourism.
visiting the Amazon Rainforest
going on a hunting trip to Alaska
visiting a zoo
taking a cruise to the Great Barrier Reef
```
visiting the Amazon Rainforest
209
What is the biggest problem African countries face in their attempt at environmental conservation?
political cooperation with other countries
convincing people environmental conservation is important
conflict continues to cause environmental problems
a lack of funds to enforce environmental laws
a lack of funds to enforce environmental laws
210
What is foreign aid?
aid given by local governments to its people
economic or technical help given for the purposes of relief
AIDS treatments and prevention
new technologies to help a region farm
economic or technical help given for the purposes of relief
211
Which of the following is an example of Foreign aid?
funds for disaster relief after a natural disaster
money for a food shipment
money collected from a treaty
membership dues to the African Union
funds for disaster relief after a natural disaster
212
Which of the following is a positive effect of foreign aid?
increased enrollment in schools
increase in the number of AIDS patients
increase in the number of foreign aid workers
decrease in the amount of aid a country receives
increased enrollment in schools
213
Which of the following is a possible negative effect of foreign aid?
Rwandan genocide
government corruption
increase in school enrollments
increase in the number of AIDS patients
government corruption
214
Which of the following ways would be most effective in providing aid to Africa?
providing all products Africans need for free
reimbursing projects in health and education after they are built
not changing the current flow of foreign aid
responding only during a disease outbreak
reimbursing projects in health and education after they are built
215
underground lake or reservoir
aquifer
216
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political and economic control over another country
colonialism
217
the process by which deserts spread into formerly valuable farm land
desertification
218
a large, flat, raised area
plateau
219
large portion of exposed bedrock in the Canadian province of Ontario
Canadian shield
220
the trading of crops, livestock, and customs between the Western and Eastern hemispheres beginning in 1492
Columbian exchange
221
original inhabitants of a region
indigenous populations
222
activities relating to the sea, such as shipping
maritime
223
a large urban area which may consist of several cities
megalopolis
224
soil that has been frozen for over two years
permafrost
225
cities and towns that surround older, larger cities
suburbs
226
the spreading out of cities into formerly rural areas
urban sprawl
227
an exact spot on Earth
Absolute location
228
the long-term weather pattern of a region
Climate
229
the wearing away of the Earth's surface by wind, glaciers, and moving water
Erosion
230
the study of the human and physical characteristics of the Earth
Geography
231
imaginary lines that divide Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres used to measure distance north or south of the Equator
Latitude
232
imaginary lines that divide Earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres used to measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian
Longitude
233
an ancient landmass that once consisted of all the continents on Earth
Pangaea
234
the study of landforms, ecosystems, and other physical systems
Physical geography
235
areas united by specific factors or characteristics
Regions
236
the location of a place in relation to other places
Relative location
237
moving pieces of Earth’s surface that include the continents and the ocean floors
Tectonic plates
238
physical or chemical process that changes the characteristics of rock on the Earth's surface
Weathering
239
the science of mapmaking
Cartography
240
the study of attitudes and behaviors or norms shared and passed on among or between groups of people.
Cultural geography
241
population statistics that explain trends or changes in a population group
Demographics
242
a group of people who share a common cultural heritage or ancestry
Ethnic group
243
the monetary value placed on all goods and services produced within a nation
Gross domestic product (GDP)
244
the study of culture, population, economies, and everything related to humans
Human geography
245
visual representation of physical space
Map
246
a way to represent the spherical shape of Earth on a flat piece of paper
Map projection
247
a formal region consisting of a group of people who have a common culture, live in the same geographic space, and have a strong sense of unity with a single national identity
Nation
248
resources that can be used up and which cannot then be replaced
Non-renewable resources
249
the study of human created boundaries, divisions, and separations between groups of people
Political geography
250
resources that will always be available, such as crops
Renewable resources
251
the movement of humans from rural areas to urban areas (cities)
Urbanization
252
limits on the amount of a product that can be exported
export quotas
253
poor neighborhoods in Brazilian cities
favelas
254
designs carved into the terrain
geoglyph
255
narrow strip of land connecting two larger landforms
isthmus
256
grassy South American plains
Pampas
257
farming on a hillside or mountain side that has been cut into a series of receding platforms
terrace farming
258
a series or group of islands
archipelago
259
a branch of Christianity practiced in eastern Europe
Eastern Orthodox
260
A warm ocean current that runs north from the Gulf of Mexico and warms the North Atlantic Ocean area
Gulf Stream
261
a landform surrounded on three sides by water
peninsula
262
energy created by capturing the sun’s rays
solar energy
263
energy that is generated by winds and captured in large turbines
wind energy
264
one who studies the development of prehistoric, historic, and contemporary humanity
anthropologist
265
the spitting up of a region into smaller, ethnicity-based states or communities
balkanization
266
gases such as carbon dioxide that trap heat from the Sun in Earth’s atmosphere
greenhouse gases
267
the move from hand to machine manufacturing
industrialization
268
a group of languages with a common origin, or proto-language
language family
269
fluency in more than one language
multilingualism
270
an officially independent state that is largely governed by another, larger nation
satellite state
271
political or economic unions between several independent nations
supranational union
272
the study of the spread of disease
epidemiology
273
mass murder, usually based on religion or ethnicity
genocide
274
Any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on a local, national or international level by people with a common interest, usually humanitarian concerns
non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
275
people who are living outside their country of citizenship because they have well-founded grounds for fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion
refugees
276
farming to eat, as opposed to selling crops
subsistence farming
