Geography finals scope Flashcards
(40 cards)
Climate factors (points)
Latitude
Earth’s Tile and season
Prevailing winds
Distance from the sea
Ocean currents
Altitude
Latitude elaboration
Refers to how far a place is from the Equator.
Places closer to the Equator receive more direct sunlight, making them warmer.
The farther from the Equator, the cooler it generally becomes.
Earth’s Tilt and season elaboration
Earth’s tilt creates seasons. In June, the Northern Hemisphere tilts toward the Sun, leading to summer. In December, it tilts away, causing winter.
Prevailing winds elaboration
Winds that blow from the ocean bring moisture, leading to rainfall.
Winds from the land are usually dry and bring little rain.
Distance from the sea elaboration
The sea warms and cools more slowly than land, moderating temperatures on coastal areas.
Coastal regions are cooler in summer and warmer in winter, while inland areas experience more extreme temperatures.
Ocean currents elaboration
Warm ocean currents heat the air, which then warms nearby regions.
Cold ocean currents cool the air and lower temperatures in surrounding areas.
Altitude elaboration
The higher you are above sea level, the cooler it becomes.
Temperature drops by 1°C for every 100 meters of altitude.
Factors affecting climate (points)
Earth’s movement
Sun’s output
Volcanic eruption
Human activities
Earth’s movement elaboration
Earth’s orbit changes, the tilt of its axis changes, its axis swings around, and the bigger the tilt, the more sunlight the poles get in summer, the less in winter. This is called Milankovitch cycle
Sun’s output elaboration
The amount of energy the sun gives out because of magnetic activity at its surface
Volcanic eruption elaboration
Eruptions release ash and gases that can temporarily cool the planet. Sulfur Dioxide: has a cooling effect. It forms a mist of sulphuric acide in the atmosphere which absorbs the sunlight keeping it from earth
Human activities elaboration
Emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, is the primary driver of current climate change.
Albedo effect
When ice melts, the ground warms up, because darker surfaces absorb more sunlight
Greenhouse effect elaboration
The sun sends out energy as sunlight, this warms earth
The earth sends out energy as heat, this warms the air
Some of this heat escapes to the outer atmosphere
Some is trapped by greenhouse gases, and does not escape
The more greenhous gas there is, the warmer the earth gets
Climate change impact
Floods (sea level rise)
Drought (regions receiving less rain than before)
Heatwave
Wildfires
Crop yield (climate no longer suitable for plants to grow)
Pests (spread to the places that were once too cold for them)
Greenhouse gases
CO2: coal, air, petrol for industry and transportation
Methane: cattle produce methane in their intestine, given off paddy fields (25x)
Regions in Asia
North Asia
East Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
The Middle East
Central Asia
North Asia
Eg: Russia. It sells oil and gas to other countries. It exports them by pipeline
East Asia
It is the main industrial area
Eg: China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
Southeast Asia
Depends on agriculture. They export rise, rubber, and other industries are developing too
South Asia
Asia’s poorest region. They export textiles and foodstuffs. India has most of the industry, and it runs IT services and call centres for other contries
The middle east
Big share of the world’s oil and gas reserve. This makes it wealthy. Eg: Qatar
central asia
Not well off. Kazakhstan has the strongest economy in this region, thanks to its oil, gas, and other minerals
