Geography Key Words Flashcards
(21 cards)
Development
A process of change that affects people’s lives. It often involves the improvement in standard of living and quality of people’s lives
GDP per capita
Total value of goods and services produces in a year. GDP/population = gdp per person(per capita)
GDP PPP
GDP - purchasing power parity - shows what gdp will buy in other countries
Human Development Index
Combines wealth health and education to show how developed a country is from 0-1, higher the better
Poverty line
Minimum income needed to meet someone’s basic needs (1.25$ a day)
Access to drinking water
Percentage of population with access to water supply within 1km
Literacy rate
Percentage of populated aged over 15 who can read and write
Corruption perception index
Uses a scale 1-10 to rank how stable government is (0 is very corrupt, 10 honest)
Dependency ratio
Proportion of people below and above normal working age - 14-65
Life expectancy
Average number of years a person can be expected to live
Maternal mortality
Number of mothers per 100000 who die in child birth
Fertility rate
Average number of births per woman
Birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 people per year
Infant mortality
Number of children per 1000 who die before first birthday
Death rate
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
What are High Income Countries (HICs)?
A group of wealthy countries mostly in the northern hemisphere e.g. North America and Europe.
What are Low Income Countries (LICs)?
A group of much poorer countries mostly in the southern hemisphere e.g. South America and Africa.
What are Middle Income Countries (MICs)?
Countries such as Brazil and Chile that have large reserves of raw materials (e.g. iron) which encouraged investment and growth in the 1980s.
What are Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs)?
Countries whose growth in the 1990s was often due to the relocation of manufacturing overseas by US and European TNCs.
What are the Asian Tigers?
A term used to describe Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs) in the 1990s.
What are Recently Industrialising Countries (RICs)?
Countries that have experienced even more rapid industrialisation, such as China and India.
