Geography Mistakes Flashcards
(80 cards)
Define migration
The movement of people from one place to another to take up semi or permanent residence
Define voluntary migration
Type of migration that involves the individual being free to choose when and where to travel.
Provide statistics of internal migration
40% of Australians will move homes once every five years and 15% will move at least three times in the same period
Define pull factors
Factors that draw a population to another area or place
Examples of pull and push factors in internal migration
Pull: Affordable housing, climate and job opportunities
Push: High cost of living, climate and lack of employment opportunities
Significant trends of internal migration in Australia
Australia’s four largest cities and the areas surrounding them are growing more rapidly than the rest of Australia
Western Australia’s population has increased partially due to an influx of job opportunities in the mining industry.
The fast growing areas on the edge of major cities can be explained by more land becoming available for housing estates
Chasing sunshine: Queensland’s coastal communities have experienced substantial growth
3 trends of internal migration
Sea Change: this is when individuals abandon the city for a more perceived easier life in rural coastal communities
Tree change: the described move from city living to a more rural/country setting
FIFO: This is the temporary movement via plane into the work site where the worker is provided with recreation facilities, accommodation and meals.
Reason for migrants travelling to WA
WA is rich in minerals such as iron ore
Mining boom was created after China’s modernisation
Workers around Australia travel to WA to work in mining related industries
How long was migration to Australia restricted by the White Australia Policy?
From the introduction of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 until the mid 1970s.
Define immigrant
A person that comes to live permanently in a foreign country
Difference between first, second and third generation immigrants
First: Both parents were born overseas
Second: One parent was born overseas
Third: Both parents born in Australia but an ancestor was born overseas
How many migrants lived in Australia?
In 2020, 7.6 million (29.8% of Australia’s population) migrants lived in Australia
Provide key trends of immigration patterns
More immigrants have arrived from England than any other country although there has been a slight drop since 2015
Immigration from India has more than doubled since 2010
Ten years ago, New Zealand was 2 now they’re 4
In the last 5 years, India is 2 ahead of China
Immigration from Italy and New Zealand has decreased since 2015
Number of immigrants from top 10 Asian countries continue to grow
South Africa only African nation with significant numbers arriving in Australia
Define emigration
Process of leaving one country (usually one’s native country) to settle in another
Define immigration
Movement of individuals and groups across international boundaries
Four types of streams in international migration program
Skill stream, family stream, child stream and special eligibility stream.
Purpose of skill stream
To improve the productive capacity of the economy and fill skill shortages in the labour market including those in regional Australia
Purpose of family stream
It is predominantly made up of Partner category visas, enabling Australian citizens and permanent residents to reunite with family members from overseas and provide them pathways to citizenship.
Purpose of special eligibility stream
It covers visas for those in special circumstances that don’t fit into the other streams. This can include permanent residents returning to the country after a period away.
What do skill stream migrants have to do to enter Australia?
These applicants need to pass a points test and satisfy the basic requirements in terms of the skills they can contribute to the Australian economy, their qualifications and occupations, their English language ability and recent work experience.
What do family stream migrants have to do to enter Australia?
The individual must have a member of an Australian resident or citizen. These migrants need to be sponsored by a family member or a fiancé living in Australia as part of their settlement requirements.
What is the humanitarian program?
A program that offers resettlement to refugees overseas or residence for refugees in Australia.
Why do refugees leave their home country
They have been forced to leave their home country and cannot return due to famine, war or persecution.
Majority of people born overseas settle in which states?
NSW and Victoria
