Geography Paper 1 - Case Studies Flashcards
Case Studies (25 cards)
Background information on Chile Earthquake (HIC earthquake)
Earthquake happened in 2010
Destructive Plate Boundary
8.8 Magnitude on Richter Scale
Primary and Secondary effect of Chile Earthquake (HIC earthquake)
Primary -
500 Deaths
12000 Injured
220,000 homes destroyed
Santiago Airport Destroyed
4500 schools destroyed
Cost $30 billion
Secondary -
Tsunami waves affected coastal towns
Landslides led to roads being damaged
Immediate and Long-term effects of Chile Earthquake (HIC earthquake)
Immediate effect -
Emergency services responded quickly, which meant fewer casualties
Power was restored to 90% of homes in 10 days
Long-term effect -
The government planned to rebuild 200,000 homes in the first month
Chile’s strong economy bounced back
Background information on Nepal Earthquake (LIC earthquake)
Happened in 2015
7.9 Magnitude
Destructive Plate Boundary
Primary and Secondary effects of Nepal Earthquake (LIC earthquake)
Primary -
9000 deaths
20,000 injuries
Cost $5 billion
7000 schools destroyed
Secondary -
Caused avalanches which killed climbers
Landslides blocked the river and caused flooding
Immediate and Long-term effects of Nepal Earthquake (LIC earthquake)
Immediate -
Help was sent from the UK, India and China
Financial aid was given by many countries
Background information on Somerset Flood (UK extreme weather)
Somerset , South - west England
Lasted from December 2013 - February 2015
Causes of Somerset Flood (UK extreme weather)
The river had not been dredged in 20 years
It was the wettest January on record
350mm of rain (100mm more than average)
Social, Economic and Environmental Impacts of the Somerset flood (UK extreme weather)
Social -
600 houses flooded
Villages were cut off
Boats were needed to navigate
Economical - Cost the council £10 million
Environmental -
Contaminated water caused diseases to spread
Immediate and Long-Term response of the Somerset Flood (UK extreme weather)
Immediate -
Volunteers and the Military came to help
Long-term -
Rivers were dredged
Roads were raised to prevent flooding in the future
Background information about Malaysia deforestation (Rainforests)
Almost 70% of Malaysia is rainforest
Its deforestation rate is the fastest of any country
Economic and Environmental Impacts of Deforestation in Malaysia
Social -
Environmental -
Soil erosion
Impact on wildlife (50% decline in orangutan population)
Climate change - Less co2 being absorbed by trees
50% of orangutan species decline in 10 years
1/5 of rainforest species face extinction
Economical -
The development of land has led to many job opportunities for locals
Improved infrastructure
Water shortages due to pollution
Forests lose moisture as they dry up
Typhoon Haiyan Background Information (Tropical Storm)
Phillipines
2013
Earthquake-prone country
NEE
Winds reached 170mph (Category 5)
Primary and Secondary Effect of Typhoon Haiyan (Tropical Storms)
Primary -
6300 deaths
600,000 displaced
Cost $14 billion
Airport destroyed along is 90% of city
Secondary -
Storm surges killed many
Landslides blocked roads
Outbreaks of diseases (Cholera)
Immediate and Long-term effects of Typhoon Haiyan (Tropical Storm)
Immediate -
National aid was sent by many countries (UK sent shelters)
1200 evacuee centres were set up
Long-term -
The UN, UK, Japan and The USA sent financial aid
Homes were rebuilt away from flood prone areas
Background Information of Svalbard
(Opportunities and challenges in a cold environment)
Part of Norway
60% ice and glaciers
40% Tundra
2700 people live there across the 5 main islands
800 Miles from the North Pole
Opportunities for development in Svalbard (Opportunities and challenges in a cold environment)
Mineral Extraction - Rich coal reserves, over 300 jobs and is the main economic activity
Energy - Geothermal energy and Carbon Capture can be used as coal starts to decline
Fishing - Over 150 fish species bred and monitored by Norway to ensure sustainability
Tourism - 300 jobs created from tourism
Cruises through Svalbard
Northern Lights, Polar bears, wildlife. Snowmobiles uare sed for mobility
Development Challenges in Svalbard (Opportunities and challenges in a cold environment)
Extreme Temperatures - No sun for 5 months of the year.
Construction - Permafrost makes building risky
Services - All water, sewage and pipes are above ground to prevent them from freezing and leaking
Accessibility - A remote place only reached by small plane or ship
River Tees Background Information (A river and its landforms)
Source - North of England (890m above sea level)
Mouth - North Sea
Rainfall is high, 1200mm
Flows in a marshy area
River Tees - Upper, Middle, Lower Course (A river and its landforms)
Upper Course - High levels of vertical erosion causing V-Shaped Valleys, Interlocking Spurs and the Dam at Cow Green
Middle Course - Lateral erosion overtakes vertical erosion - The land flattens.
The lateral erosion results in meanders being formed alongside oxbow lakes.
Lots of agriculture (Town of Yarm)
Lower Course - A Large Estuary (bodies of water) and mudflats, and sandbanks supporting wildlife
Lots of heavy industry involving steel and energy
Boscastle Floods - Cause (Flood Management Case Study)
Natural - 75mm of rain in 2 hours
Saturated Ground
Human - The Placement of cars and buildings funnelled the water
Deforestation due to farming (Less trees to absorb water)
Boscastle Floods - Social, Economic, Environmental Impacts
Reponse to Boscastle Flood?
Social / Economic
0 Lives Lost due to quick responses
Minimal injuries
£15 million in insurance payouts
50 cars swept into the sea, damage to local businesses, Damage to tourism economy
Environmental -
Short term: Pollution and fuel from cars leaked and went into the ocean
Long term: Major rebuild project had to be carried out
Response -
Fast response from emergency services, sandbags put in place to reduce flooding, evacuation
£4.5 million flood protection scheme, bridges and car parks moved
Coastal Management - Lyme Regis - Background Information and Why is Coastal Management Needed?
Background Information -
Small town in Dorset, South England, Jurrasic Coast
UNESCO world heritage site
Small tourist focused town with tourism reaching up to 15000 in summer months
Why is it needed? -
Why is it needed? -
Much of the town is built on unstable cliffs
The Coastline is rapidly eroding, putting homes and businesses at risk
Tourism will be effected if businesses are effected
What has been done to manage the Coast at Lyme Regis (Coastal Management)
4 Phases
Phase 1 - 1990s - New Sea Wall and promenade cliffs made using large nails to prevent landslides
Phase 2 - 2005-2007 Improvements to upgrade the sea wall, costing £22 million. An extension of rock armour to absorb wave energy
Phase 3 - Original plans were abandoned as the coast was thought not to need intensive management
Phase 4 - £200 million was spent on another new Sea Wall (390m long). Nailing, pinning and drainage used to protect 480 homes
