Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Edexcel GCSE PE > Geography Paper 2 > Flashcards

Geography Paper 2 Flashcards

It won't let me move the deck (54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

North-east England key employment sectors

A

COAL MINING
-108,000 coal miners in 1947 to 55 coal miners in 1994
MANUFACTURING
-40% of people in secondary industry in 1971 fell to 10% in 2011
TERTIARY
-Growth but often low paid, low skilled, temporary contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

North-east England economic impacts of industrial decline

A

-10.3% unemployment
-Avg weekly earning: £455
-Avg house price: £145,000
-Relatively low standard of living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

North-east England social impacts of industrial decline

A

-Social deprivation associated with lack of wealth
-Median age of 41.5 due to out migration of young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

North-east England reasons for industrial decline

A

-Decreased demand for coal
-Cheaper foreign imports
-High labour costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

North-east England reasons for some industrial growth

A

-Enterprise zones (cheap land, lower taxes) has encouraged some manufacturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

South-east England key employment sectors

A

MANUFACTURING
-Growing, oil refineries in Southampton
-Many electronic and engineering jobs
TERTIARY/QUATERNARY
-Wide range of employers in financial and business sectors
-15% of UK economic output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

South-east England economic impacts of industrial growth

A

-6% unemployment
-Avg weekly earning: £556
-Avg house price: £425,000
-High standard of living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

South-east England social impacts of industrial growth

A

-Affluent region so high quality of life
-Highest life expectancy in UK: 80 for men, 84 for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

South-east England reasons for industrial growth

A

-Close proximity to London: wealthy market, skilled workforce
-Close to foreign markets in Europe due to Channel Tunnel
-Good transport links: motorways, airports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Manchester CBD example

A

Castlefield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Manchester CBD building density, land use, environment quality

A

BUILDING DENSITY
-High density
-Multi-storey building
-Residential apartments
LAND USE
-Retail
-Leisure
-Offices
-Transport e.g. train stations
-Residential
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
-Some areas well maintained e.g. shopping
-Other areas derelict and vandalised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Manchester inner city example

A

Clayton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Manchester inner city building density, land use, environment quality

A

BUILDING DENSITY
-High/medium density
-Terraced housing
LAND USED
-Residential
-Declining industrial
-Some services e.g. retail parks
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
-Low quality
-Derelict industrial units
-Poorly maintained housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Manchester inner suburbs example

A

Chorlton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Manchester inner suburbs building density, land use, environment quality

A

BUILDING DENSITY
-Medium density
-Terraced and semi-detached housing
LAND USE
-Residential
-Services e.g. school, shops
EVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
-Some well-maintained housing and services
-Some derelict areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Manchester outer suburbs example

A

Hale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Manchester outer suburbs building density, land use, environment quality

A

BUILIDNG DENSITY
-Medium/low density
-Semi-detached and detached housing
-Some open space
LAND USE
-Residential
-Services e.g. school, shops
-Parks
ENVIRONMEMTAL QUALITY
-High environmental quality
-Well maintained housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Manchester urban-rural fringe example

A

Dunham Massey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Manchester urban-rural fringe building density, land use, environment quality

A

BUILIDING DENSITY
-Low density
-Detached housing
-Large areas of open space
LAND USE
-Residential
-Golf courses
-Business parks
-Farmland, woodland
Transport link e.g. airport
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
-High quality
-Some controversial new developments e.g. airports, new housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Privatisation definition

A

The sale of state owned assets e.g. transport systems or postal services to profit-making businesses
e.g. British Airways, gas and electric compansies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Role of privatisation in economic growth

A

PROS
-Lower operating costs
-More customer choice
-Increased quality and quantity
CONS
-Profit maximisation may be at cost of social objectives
-Private control could result in monopoly power
-Possible loss of jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Free trade definition

Study These Flashcards
A

International trade without restrictions such as tariffs and quotas
e.g Russia has no EU trade agreements. Since Brexit, UK has has to set up new agreements

23
Q

Role of free trade in economic growth

Study These Flashcards
A

PROS
-Businesses can expand globally
-High quality items and cheaper prices
-Global links can increase profits
-Lots of FDI to UK
CONS
-Less protection for UK companies: if they aren’t competitive, they’ll go out of business

24
Q

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) definition

Study These Flashcards
A

Overseas investment made by transnational corporations
e.g. Nissan, Sunderland: recent £100 million investment for Juke model (1 in 3 of British cars produced here) created thousands of jobs

25
Role of FDI in economic growth
PROS -Increased tax revenue and jobs created -Strong reputation means other companies want to invest CONS -Low corporation tax rate (20%) reduced government tax revenue -Tax incentives are needed to ensure investment doesn't go elsewhere -Removal of profit from UK
26
How has Manchester's ethnic composition changed over time?
Between 1991 and 2011: -Ethnic composition of Manchester more than doubled (65,000 to 170,000) -Pakistani remained the largest group -Pakistani increased by 73% -African increased by 254% -Asian increased by 225% -Other black increased by 274%
27
Manchester ethnic pop. distribution
-Percentage of white British generally increases with distance from the city centre -Percentage of non-white British is highest in city centre and lowest in outer suburbs e.g. Hale/Altrincham
28
Pakistani is largest ethnic minority group in Manchester (9%). Suggest why there is clustering of Pakistani pop.
LARGE PAKISTANI POP. -Invitation from UK government after WW2 to fill skill gaps CLUSTERING -People drawn towards large communities of same race as them -Cultural/religious reasons e.g. Halal meat, places of worship
29
How do different ethnicity groups influence character and culture of Manchester
-Introduce new cuisine and Halal food shops -Pakistani restaurants and sweet shops -Mosques for central communities
30
Index of Multiple Deprivation and inequality in Manchester
INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION -Based on: income, employment, education, skills and training, health/disability, crime, housing, environment INEQUALITY IN MANCHESTER -% of households with multiple deprivation decreases with distance from Manchester -Areas of highest deprivation include east of Manchester e.g. Salford
31
Causes of inequality in Manchester
-Health/disability: lack of parks/leisure activities -High pop. density -Deindustrialisation: outdated factories, mills, high unemployment -Poor environmental quality -Low skilled workforce, lack of investment in parts of inner city
32
Decline in Hulme: Slum clearance
CAUSES -New 'crescent' flats to replace the slums were poorly designed and maintained -Heating homes was too expensive -Lack of streets meant police didn't patrol IMPACTS -Higher crime rate, drug abuse, vandalism -Homes were damp and vermin ridden -Poor quality environment
33
Decline in Salford Quays: Deindustrialisation
CAUSES -Containerisation: ship size increased so docks were too small and outdated -Industrialisation in emerging countries with lower wages and less regulation meant UK industry was out competed IMPACTS -Docks closed in 1982 -3,000 jobs lost, high unemployment -Poor quality, derelict land -Population decreased
34
Altrincham: Decentralisation
CAUSES -Outshadowed by the Trafford Centre: more choice and appeal, free parking -Large supermarkets take customers away from the high street -Online shopping is convenient and cheaper -Altrincham's shops are not concentrated on the high street, long walks IMPACTS -Unemployment, loss of income -Shops closed -Lots of charity and cheap stores: evidence of decline -Reduced business rates for council
35
Hulme new developments
-Crescents demolished -Hulme ASDA
36
Hulme benefits of regeneration
-Increased desirability: young professionals -More 'family friendly', sense of community -New social projects
37
Hulme challenges of regeneration
-Lower income households forced out -Poor quality local secondary schools -Unemployment remains higher than Manchester average -Fear of crime
38
Salford Quays new developments
-Media City -Watersports Centre -NV buildings -Lowry mall
39
Salford Quays benefits of regeneration
-Traffic free -Cultural epicentre -Shops and facilities -Green transport -Job creation
40
Salford Quays challenges of regeneration
-Increased house prices -Increased litter, noise pollution -Monochrome architecture
41
Altrincham new developments
-Altrincham market -New flats -Refurbished altrincham leisure centre -New shops
42
Altrincham benefits of regeneration
-'Trendy' lifestyle -Local traders sell produce -Jobs -Trams and buses
43
Altrincham challenges of regeneration
-Little parking -Traffic congestion -Night life brings noise and antisocial behavior -Students blocking pavements, noisy behavior, taking up bus/tram
44
Urban areas depend on rural areas for:
-Food produce e.g. milk, veg -Supply fresh water -Space for urban growth, transport infrastructure -Space for solid and liquid waste disposal
45
Rural areas depend on urban areas for:
-Manufactured goods e.g. cars, fridges, tractors -Services e.g. healthcare, education, retail -Population to sell agricultural products to -Income from tourism e.g. Peak District National Park
46
Sustainable development definition
Development the meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of futures generations to meet their own needs. This means ensuring economic growth, meeting social requirements, and protecting the natural environment
47
Urban sprawl definition
The outward growth of a city into surrounding areas
48
Suburbanisation definition
Movement if people from high density urban areas to lower density suburban areas
49
Counter urbanisation definition
The process whereby people move from urban areas to the urban-rural fringe or beyond
50
Costs of redeveloping greenbelt land
-Loss of greenland (animal habitats) -Disruption during construction phases -Loss of some valuable farmland
51
Benefits of redeveloping greenbelt land
-Most of the land is low quality scrapland which could be better used -3% of farmland could be developed into 950,000 homes -Affordable housing -Potential to incorporate woodland into developments
52
Costs of increased leisure and recreation
-Traffic congestion and pollution -Noise from children disrupting tranquility -Conflict with local residents
53
Benefits of increased leisure and recreation
-Money from tourism e.g. Tatton Park -Local natural resources used (sustainable) -Increased employment opportunities
54
Rural diversification definition
Development of methods of generating income in addition to or instead of traditional rural income sources.

Edexcel GCSE PE (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions