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All Assessemnts Y9 > Geography - Superpower/Development > Flashcards

Geography - Superpower/Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Superpower nation?

A

A superpower is an extremely powerful country,
especially one capable of influencing international
events and the acts and policies of less powerful
countries. Its power can be felt all over the world.

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2
Q

What factor make a country a superpower?

A
  • geographic size
  • population
  • resources
  • Military power
  • economic
  • cultural / soft power
  • political
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3
Q

Uni-Polar world system:

A

where most of
the world region’s economic, social, cultural aspects
are influenced by a single state/country.

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4
Q

Bi-Polar world system:

A

a system of world order
in which the majority of global economic, military
and cultural influence is held between two states.

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5
Q

Multi-Polar world system:

A

power is distributed at
least among 3 significant poles (countries).

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6
Q

• The BRICs

A

(Brazil, Russia, China and India) are likely to become more powerful,
but this will not happen overnight

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7
Q

Brics

A

They account for more than 40% of the world’s population and over 20% of global GDP

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8
Q

MINTS

A

Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey & Nigeria

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9
Q

Colonialism

A

The act of one nation controlling another for economic gain. An
example of colonialism was Britain’s control over India.

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10
Q

the decline of the British Empire and Britain’s geopolitical influence

A
  • The Second World War
  • New Superpowers
  • Money
  • Indian Independence
    Although only one part of the Empire, the
  • Opinion at Home
    Post-war Britain was a place that b
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11
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

The practice of promoting
and imposing a culture,
usually that of a politically
powerful nation, over a less
powerful society

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12
Q

The Negative Legacies

A

• Religious conflict e.g. N Ireland, Malaysia, Middle east,
India
• Poverty resulting from domination of the natives/ slaves
• Slavery
• Instability from power vacuum with opened up in 1945+
e.g. Afghanistan, African nations e.g. Uganda Idi Amin etc
• Developing countries resources issues from over extraction
during colonisation.
• Loss of cultures/ homogenised cultures/ globalisation

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13
Q

What is the Middle East?

A

The Middle East is defined as a region. It is a collection of
countries/territories.

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14
Q

How is oil / gas made?

A

Years of sedimentation
and compression under
the ocean created oil
and gas reserves.

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15
Q

What’s a refugee

A

Refugee is someone who must leave their home area for their own safety and survival. They are legally recognised for this.

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16
Q

Define “Development”

A

Development means people reaching an acceptable standard of living or quality of life.

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17
Q

Define “Quality Of Life”

A

Quality of Life means the general well-being of people, including income, health, education, employment, and the environment.

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18
Q

What is development?

A

Development is the economic, social and political progress a country or people make. For it to be beneficial it must be sustainable ( long - term and experienced by many people across society. )

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19
Q

Population structure

A

The number ( or percent ) of people in a country in each age group ( e.g. 10-14 ). It also shows the percentage of males/females

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20
Q

Demographic data

A

All data linked to population changes: birth rate, death rate, etc

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21
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of lives briths per 1000 people per year

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22
Q

Death rate

A

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year

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23
Q

Dependancy ratio

A

Proportion of people below ( 0-14 ) and above ( over 65 ) normal working age. Its calculated by: [(young+elderly) / working age ] x 100.
The lower the number, means less people are dependent - this is good.

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24
Q

Fertility rate

A

Average number of briths per women in her productive life

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25
Infant morality
Number of children ( less than 1 year old ) per 1000 live births who die before their 1st birthday
26
Life Expectancy
Average number of years a person can expect to live
27
Maternal Mortality
Number of mothers per 100,000 who die in childbirth
28
GNI
The total of all money produced per year country's workers.
29
GDP per capita
The total value of good and services shared out equally among all the people of a country
30
Corruption perception index
Score to show the level of public sector corruption ( 0=highly corrupt. 100=clean )
31
HDI
Human development index ( score between 0-1 ) which includes literacy, life expectancy and GN/capita
32
Literacy rate
Number of adults who can read and write in every 100 people
33
TNCs
Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are companies that produce and sell products and are located in more than one country – e.g. Apple.
34
How do TNCs increase globalisation?
TNCs help increase globalisation by linking together countries through the production and sale of goods – such as Nike employing people in Turkey to make trainers
35
International political organisations have encouraged governments to increase:
• Investment – countries compete with each other to attract TNC FDI as they hope these will bring jobs, wealth and taxes! • Movement of people – encourage freedom of migration • Movement of products through free trade by removing trade barriers like quotas and tariffs so it’s now much easier to move goods, money and services between countries
36
An export-processing zone (EPZ)
An export-processing zone (EPZ) is a specific type of Free Trade Zone, set up generally in developing countries by their governments to promote industrial and commercial exports.
37
Inter-governmental organisations (IGOs):
These are international groups, made up of a number of different countries who play a large part in the making of international laws.
38
Inter-governmental organisations (IGOs): Why do we need them?
Allow states to cooperate and coordinate in specific fields while retaining their sovereignty. Help to hold states/ individuals accountable for injustice- can act to foster peace and uphold international law.
39
Who are the inter- governmental superpowers of the world?
The United Nations (UN) is the largest and most familiar intergovernmental organisation.World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) are 2 of the most well known IGO’s having been around for the last 70 years.
40
IGO’s have been set up
security, trade, economics, health & the environment.
41
IGO’s - security
Idea of some countries as the ‘World’s Police’ dates back to pre WW2 – in 1946 the UN security council was set up.
42
IGO’s - trade
Purpose: • Overriding purpose is to help trade flow as freely as possible — so long as there are no undesirable side effects • To abolish or reduce trade barriers
43
IGO’s - environment
The IPCC was created to provide policymakers with regular scientific assessments on climate change, its implications and potential future risks, as well as to put forward adaptation and mitigation options.
44
IGO’s - economic
The World Bank help developing countries achieve sustainable growth by financing investment and providing advisory services to businesses and governments.
45
IGO’s - health
WHO is responsible for giving direction on international health issues, setting standards, and providing information for governments to make decisions.
46
The UN carries out a number of roles besides peacekeeping.
Its charter sets out four main aims. These are: • To maintain peace and security across the world. • To improve relationships between countries. • To encourage nations to work together to solve international problems. These problems could involve economic, cultural and humanitarian issues. • To be a forum where countries can meet together and discuss the goals noted above.
47
The work of the UN
To maintain peace and security across the world, the UN can deploy peacekeepers or authorise member states to conduct military operations. To address international issues, the UN carries out a large number of aid and development programmes. These can range from delivering emergency aid to providing support for education in developing countries. All member states of the UN meet regularly in the General Assembly to discuss international issues. The General Assembly has the power to pass resolutions These are policies that UN members are encouraged to follow.
48
Migrant
A person who moves from one place to another.
49
Emigrant
A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
50
Immigrant
A person who leaves their own country into order to permanently live in another country.
51
Forced migrantion
If someone has to no choice to leave their country as they may fear harm or death.
52
Voluntary migration
If someone chooses to leave their home often for a better life.
53
Refugee
Someone who must leave their home area for their own safety and survival. They are legally recognised for this.
54
Asylum seeker
Someone who must leave their home area for their own safety and survival. They are waiting for a decision to see if they can stay in a safe country.
55
Remittance
Money sent home by migrants to their families.
56
Push factor
Something that motivates a person to migrate away from their country. E.g. lack of work.
57
Pull factor
Something that motivates a person to move to a new country. E.g. better jobs.
58
Pull factor ( e.g. )
- Family and friends Good healthcare - Highly paid job with private health care Good weather all year round Good leisure opportunities.
59
Push factor ( e.g. )
- Poor employment options Unaffordable housing Bad weather - No family in the area
60
What is a asylum seeker?
Is someone who seeks protection in another country because of their own reason. They have to first go through a interview, giving their passport / birth certificate / marriage certificate. They will state why they seek protection and what they face if they go back to their own country.
61
What is a Refugee?
Are people who's country are involved in conflict. they must have crossed one border and might be at risk if they go back due to race, gender, culture, etc. they might have to leave their belongings and family. Risky process / journey to their host country. Country's have a legal obligation to accept them.
62
Difference between a asylum seeker and refugee
Asylum seeker cannot work until their status is decided. Where as Refugee has the right to work.

All Assessemnts Y9 (3 decks)

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