Geography Term 4

Question 1

What is a mineral?

Answer 1

A mineral is a substance formed in the earth.

Question 2

Are minerals renewable or non-renewable? Give a reason for your answer.

Answer 2

Non-renewable, because once they are used up, we cannot get anymore.

Question 3

Gold has a number of uses:
It is used to make \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
It is used in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
It is used in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
It is something people can buy which keeps its \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 3

Jewellery
Computers
Medicine
Value

Question 4

What is silver used for? Name 4 things.

Answer 4

It is used:
To make jewellery
In computers & cell phones
For fillings in teeth

Question 5

Platinum is used to make ________. It is also used in cars to change __________ ________ gases into gases that aren’t poisonous. It is used to make _________ to treat cancer.

Answer 5

Jewellery
Poisonous exhaust
Medicines

Question 6

What are diamonds made of?

Answer 6

Carbon.

Question 7

Where are diamonds formed?

Answer 7

In volcanoes.

Question 8

Explain how diamonds are formed.

Answer 8

In the volcanoes the bits of carbon are made very hot. They are also placed under a huge amount of pressure. This changes the little bits of carbon into diamonds.

Question 9

Diamonds have 2 main uses:
Gemstone diamonds - are used in ________. The 2nd largest diamond in the world was found in South Africa. It was found at the ________ Mine at ________ outside ________.
Industrial diamonds - diamonds are so _____ that they are used in tools that _____ and _______. Only a diamond can _______ another diamond.

Answer 9

Jewellery
Premier
Cullinan
Pretoria

Hard
Cut
Polish
Polish

Question 10

What is the definition of ore?

Answer 10

The rocks or soil in which a mineral is found.

Question 11

____ ore has iron in it.

Answer 11

Iron.

Question 12

What is the main use of iron ore?

Answer 12

To make steel. Steel is iron with a small amount of carbon added to to it.

Question 13

Chrome is used to cover metal with a ______ ________. This is called chrome _______.

Answer 13

Silver surface

Plating

Question 14

Chrome is mixed with _____ to form __________ steel. Stainless steel has a silvery look. It is very ______ and cannot _____ like ordinary steel. One of its uses is to make ______.

Answer 14

Iron
Stainless
Strong
Rust
Knives

Question 15

Copper is a very useful metal. (Yes/No)

Answer 15

Yes.

Question 16

Does electricity travel easily through copper?

Answer 16

Yes.

Question 17

Manganese is mixed with steel to make it ________ & to stop it from ________. It is mixed with aluminium to form a metal that is not damaged by such things as the _____ and ____. It’s used to make _____ ____________ petrol.

Answer 17

Stronger
Rusting
Rain
Sun
Lead replacement

Question 18

How is coal formed?

Answer 18

Coal = not a mineral, because it was formed out of living matter. Millions of years ago the places in SA where coal is found were hot & swampy. Lots of plants grew in the swamps. When these plants died the formed layers of plant material. Over the years more & more layers were laid on top of one another. After a very long time, these layers turned into coal.

Question 19

What is mining?

Answer 19

Mining is what we do to get minerals and coal out of the ground.

Question 20

What is an open pit mine?

Answer 20

An open pit mine consists of one big hole in the ground. The miners dig straight down to mine minerals close to the surface. An example of an open pit mine is the Kimberley Mine in the Northern Cape.

Question 21

What is a shaft?

Answer 21

A passage or tunnel dug downwards into the ground.

Question 22

The cage at ____ _____ Mine travels at ___ km\h.

Answer 22

Tau Tona

58

Question 23

Most of SA’s mines are _______________ mines. ______ are sunk close to the ore which is going to mined. The workers are taken down the mine in a _____ called a _____. The ore that has been mined is brought up to the surface in buckets called ______.

Answer 23

Underground
Shafts
Lift
Cage
Skips

Question 24

What is the definition of stopes?

Answer 24

Areas where gold is being mined.

Question 25

How do you learn how an underground gold mine works?

Answer 25

You go study page 167 & 168 in your textbook.

Question 26

WATER POLLUTION: Mining cause water pollution, because __________ & _________ pollute the water. Gold mines use ___________ _________ which is pumped into dams and can sometimes get into rivers & streams. ______ causes lots of pollution to underground water. _____ ______ drainage is an example of water pollution.

Answer 26

``` Chemicals Minerals Poisonous cyanide Coal Acid mine ```

Question 27

AIR POLLUTION: _____ is the main cause of air pollution from mining. ______ mining ________ a poisonous gas called ________. Coal is ______ to generate electricity and this causes air pollution.

Answer 27

Dust Coal Methane Burnt

Question 28

DESTRUCTION OF VEGETATION & WILDLIFE: | Mines _____ up ______ areas of ______, which destroys the habitat. Plants cannot _____ in poisoned soil.

Answer 28

Tear Large Land Grow

Question 29

WASTE DISPOSAL: | Mines struggle to get ____ of waste products.

Answer 29

Rid

Question 30

How is gold extracted from rock?

Answer 30

Step 1: The rock is crushed into a fine sand. Step 2: Water is added to form mud. Step 3: Sodium cyanide added to the mud. This turns the gold into a liquid. Step 4: The mud is put through a filter that separates the gold from the sand. The sand then has no gold in it. Step 5: Zinc is added to the water. The gold turns back into a solid. Mixture is put through a filter to remove the water. Step 6: Sulphuric acid is added to dissolve the zinc. Mixture is heated for 24 hours at 800 Celsius. This removes unwanted substances. Step 7: Gold is heated to 1200 Celsius and poured into moulds. This is called smelting.

Question 31

Name 4 challenges of working in a deep gold mine.

Answer 31

Ventilation, heat, rock falls & dust.

Question 32

``` What illness is caused by inhaling too much dust? A. Brain cancer B. Dust C. Silicosis D. None ```

Answer 32

Silicosis.

Question 33

Name 6 health & safety risks for miners.

Answer 33

Heat, rock falls, flooding, accidents, dust and getting lost underground.

Question 34

Rules to protect miners' health & safety: Miners must be ________ before they are allowed to go underground. Miners must wear their _________ at all times. Miners must not light _________ or _________, because of the gases in the mine that can burn. No _________ can take place until all the miners are out of the level where it is taking place. Miners may only work in _______ after they have been checked for safety. Everything possible must be done to reduce the level of ______ the stopes. There are a number of rules to prevent underground ___________.

Answer 34

``` Trained Helmets Matches Lighters Blasting Stopes Dust Explosions ```