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Geography terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What countries are included in Fennoscandia?

A

Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia

Fennoscandia includes the Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland, Karelia, and parts of Northwestern Russia.

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2
Q

What is the Iberian Peninsula?

A

A southwestern European landmass separated from France by the Pyrenees

It includes Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar.

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3
Q

Which countries are part of the Balkans?

A

Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, parts of Turkey

The Balkans is a culturally and historically complex region in Southeastern Europe.

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4
Q

What is Anatolia also known as?

A

Asia Minor

It is a large peninsula forming most of modern Turkey.

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5
Q

Define the Levant.

A

An Eastern Mediterranean region with historical importance to ancient civilizations

The Levant includes Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and parts of Turkey.

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6
Q

What countries make up the Maghreb?

A

Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania

The Maghreb is the North African region bordering the Mediterranean and the Sahara.

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7
Q

What is the Mashriq?

A

Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, parts of Saudi Arabia

The Mashriq is the eastern counterpart to the Maghreb, historically linked to Mesopotamian civilization.

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8
Q

Where is Siberia located?

A

A vast, sparsely populated Russian region east of the Ural Mountains

Siberia is known for its extensive wilderness.

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9
Q

Which countries are part of Scandinavia?

A

Norway, Sweden, Denmark

Scandinavia is a Northern European region with shared Norse heritage and linguistic ties.

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10
Q

What is Lapland also known as?

A

Sápmi

It is the Arctic homeland of the Indigenous Sámi people.

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11
Q

What region does the Caucasus encompass?

A

Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, parts of Russia

The Caucasus is a mountainous region at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.

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12
Q

Define the Sahel.

A

A semi-arid zone between the Sahara and tropical Africa

The Sahel includes countries like Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, and others.

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13
Q

What countries are included in the Horn of Africa?

A

Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti

The Horn of Africa is an East African region bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.

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14
Q

What is the Malabar Coast?

A

A historic maritime region along India’s southwestern coastline

It includes the states of Kerala and Karnataka.

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15
Q

What is the Coromandel Coast?

A

The southeastern coastline of India along the Bay of Bengal

It is known for its beaches and cultural heritage.

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16
Q

What does the Deccan Plateau cover?

A

Central and southern India

The Deccan Plateau was formed by ancient volcanic activity.

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17
Q

Identify the countries in the Fertile Crescent.

A

Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt

The Fertile Crescent is known as the cradle of early agriculture and civilization.

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18
Q

What is the Altiplano?

A

Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina

The Altiplano is a high-altitude plateau in the central Andes.

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19
Q

Where is Patagonia located?

A

Argentina, Chile

Patagonia is a rugged, sparsely populated region of southern South America.

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20
Q

What is the Pampas?

A

A vast grassland region crucial for cattle ranching and agriculture

The Pampas includes Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil.

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21
Q

What is the Guiana Shield?

A

Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil

The Guiana Shield is one of the oldest geological formations in South America.

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22
Q

What is Mesoamerica?

A

Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

Mesoamerica is a pre-Columbian cultural region of advanced Indigenous civilizations.

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23
Q

Where is the Yucatán Peninsula?

A

Mexico, Belize, Guatemala

The Yucatán Peninsula is known for its significant Mayan archaeological sites.

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24
Q

What is the Great Basin?

A

United States – primarily Nevada, Utah, parts of Oregon, Idaho, and California

The Great Basin is a vast endorheic watershed with desert landscapes.

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25
What are the Ozarks?
United States – Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas ## Footnote The Ozarks are known for their rugged highland region and deep cultural traditions.
26
What is the Great Rift Valley?
A massive tectonic feature stretching from the Middle East through East Africa ## Footnote It includes countries like Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and more.
27
Identify the countries in the Carpathian Basin.
Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Austria, Ukraine, Croatia, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia ## Footnote The Carpathian Basin is a large depression surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains.
28
Where is the Kalahari Basin located?
Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Angola, Zimbabwe, Zambia ## Footnote The Kalahari Basin is a semi-arid desert region home to unique desert-adapted wildlife.
29
What is the Amazon Basin?
Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana ## Footnote The Amazon Basin is the world’s largest drainage basin, home to the Amazon Rainforest.
30
Where is the Tibetan Plateau located?
China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan ## Footnote The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world, influencing Asian monsoons.
31
What is the Pannonian Basin?
Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Slovakia, Austria, Slovenia, Romania, Ukraine, Bosnia & Herzegovina ## Footnote The Pannonian Basin is a large lowland basin, formerly covered by the Pannonian Sea.
32
Define the region of Frisia.
Netherlands, Germany, Denmark ## Footnote Frisia is a coastal region home to the Frisian people and language.
33
What is the Benelux region?
Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg ## Footnote Benelux is a political-economic region uniting three small European nations.
34
Identify the countries in Manchuria.
China, Russia, North Korea ## Footnote Manchuria is a historic region of northeastern China.
35
What is Turkestan?
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, parts of China, Afghanistan, Iran ## Footnote Turkestan is a Central Asian cultural region historically linked to the Silk Road.
36
What does the term Hindustan refer to?
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh ## Footnote Hindustan is a historical term referring to the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
37
What is Bactria known for?
Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan ## Footnote Bactria is an ancient region famous for Greco-Bactrian culture and the Silk Road.
38
What are the three historical regions of Libya?
Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Fezzan ## Footnote These regions existed before the unification of Libya.
39
What is the Congo Basin?
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Zambia, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda ## Footnote The Congo Basin is a massive tropical rainforest drainage basin.
40
What is Acadia?
Canada – New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, parts of Maine (USA) ## Footnote Acadia is a French colonial region with a distinct identity.
41
What does Dixie refer to?
Southern states in the United States, typically the 11 Confederate states during the Civil War ## Footnote Dixie is a cultural-historical name for the Deep South.
42
What is Cascadia?
United States – Oregon, Washington, parts of California; Canada – British Columbia ## Footnote Cascadia is a bioregion along the Pacific Northwest with strong environmental movements.
43
What is the Gran Chaco?
Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil ## Footnote The Gran Chaco is a vast lowland plain with dry forests and grasslands.
44
Where is the La Plata Basin located?
Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia ## Footnote The La Plata Basin is the second-largest drainage basin in South America.
45
What is the Gobi Desert known for?
One of the largest deserts in the world, known for its extreme climate ## Footnote The Gobi Desert spans parts of Mongolia and China.
46
What is the Taklamakan Desert?
A vast, arid desert along the Silk Road ## Footnote The Taklamakan Desert is surrounded by ancient oasis cities.
47
What are the Altai Mountains?
Russia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan ## Footnote The Altai Mountains are a rugged mountain range with unique flora and fauna.
48
What is the Tian Shan Mountains known as?
Celestial Mountains ## Footnote The Tian Shan Mountains are a major Central Asian mountain range.
49
What is the Zagros Mountains?
Iran, Iraq, Turkey ## Footnote The Zagros Mountains significantly shape the geography of western Asia.
50
What is the Hindu Kush?
Afghanistan, Pakistan ## Footnote The Hindu Kush is a major mountain system forming the western boundary of the Himalayas.
51
What region does the Caucasus separate?
Europe and Asia ## Footnote The Caucasus is rich in ethnic diversity.
52
What is the Thar Desert?
India, Pakistan ## Footnote The Thar Desert is a large desert located in western India and eastern Pakistan.
53
What is the Indo-Gangetic Plain?
Pakistan, India, Bangladesh ## Footnote The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a fertile plain formed by the Indus and Ganges rivers.
54
What is the Deccan Plateau?
India ## Footnote The Deccan Plateau is a volcanic plateau covering much of central and southern India.
55
What are the Western Ghats?
India ## Footnote The Western Ghats are a UNESCO-listed mountain range with unique biodiversity.
56
What are the Eastern Ghats?
India ## Footnote The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains along India’s eastern coast.
57
What is the Karakum Desert?
Turkmenistan ## Footnote The Karakum Desert is known for the Karakum Canal and the Darvaza Gas Crater.
58
What is the Kyzylkum Desert?
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan ## Footnote The Kyzylkum Desert is a large desert in Central Asia between the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers.
59
What is Dzungaria?
China – Xinjiang ## Footnote Dzungaria is a historical region inhabited by Oirat Mongols.
60
What is Kurdistan?
Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria ## Footnote Kurdistan is a region with a large Kurdish population seeking autonomy or independence.
61
What is the Punjab?
India, Pakistan ## Footnote The Punjab is a historically significant region home to Sikhism.
62
What is Tamilakam?
India, Sri Lanka ## Footnote Tamilakam is the ancient homeland of the Tamil people.
63
What is Balochistan?
Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan ## Footnote Balochistan is known for its distinct Baloch identity.
64
What is Pashtunistan?
Pakistan, Afghanistan ## Footnote Pashtunistan is the traditional homeland of the Pashtun ethnic group.
65
What is the Golden Triangle?
Thailand, Myanmar, Laos ## Footnote The Golden Triangle is notorious for opium production.
66
What is the Russian Far East?
Russia ## Footnote The Russian Far East is a sparsely populated region stretching from Siberia to the Pacific.
67
What are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
India ## Footnote The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a remote Indian archipelago in the Bay of Bengal.
68
What is the Malabar Coast known for?
Historic trading region known for spices ## Footnote The Malabar Coast includes Kerala, Karnataka, and Goa.
69
What is the Coromandel Coast known for?
Southeastern coastal region facing the Bay of Bengal ## Footnote The Coromandel Coast is known for its beaches and cultural heritage.
70
What is the Makran Coast?
Pakistan, Iran ## Footnote The Makran Coast is a dry, rugged coastline along the Arabian Sea.
71
What are the Spratly Islands?
Disputed – China, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Taiwan ## Footnote The Spratly Islands are a hotspot for territorial disputes.
72
What are the Ryukyu Islands?
Japan ## Footnote The Ryukyu Islands are home to the Okinawan culture.
73
What is the Sunda Shelf?
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia ## Footnote The Sunda Shelf is a submerged landmass that connected Southeast Asia during the Ice Age.
74
What are the Kuril Islands?
Disputed – Russia, Japan ## Footnote The Kuril Islands are a volcanic island chain claimed by both Russia and Japan.
75
What is the Gobi Desert known for?
Extreme climate ## Footnote The Gobi Desert is one of the largest deserts in the world.
76
What are the Altai Mountains?
A rugged mountain range with unique flora and fauna ## Footnote The Altai Mountains span Russia, Mongolia, China, and Kazakhstan.
77
What is the Tian Shan Mountains?
Major Central Asian mountain range ## Footnote Known as the 'Celestial Mountains'.
78
What is the Zagros Mountains?
Significant mountain range in western Asia ## Footnote It shapes the geography of Iran, Iraq, and Turkey.
79
What is the Hindu Kush?
Major mountain system in Afghanistan and Pakistan ## Footnote Forms the western boundary of the Himalayas.
80
What is the Caucasus region known for?
Rich in ethnic diversity ## Footnote It separates Europe and Asia.
81
What is the Thar Desert?
Located in India and Pakistan ## Footnote It is a large desert in western India and eastern Pakistan.
82
What is the Indo-Gangetic Plain?
Fertile plain formed by the Indus and Ganges rivers ## Footnote It spans Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh.
83
What is the Deccan Plateau?
Volcanic plateau in India ## Footnote Covers much of central and southern India.
84
What are the Western Ghats?
Mountain range in India ## Footnote Known for unique biodiversity and UNESCO World Heritage status.
85
What are the Eastern Ghats?
Discontinuous mountain range in India ## Footnote Located along India’s eastern coast.
86
What is the Karakum Desert?
Desert in Turkmenistan ## Footnote Known for the Karakum Canal and the Darvaza Gas Crater.
87
What is the Kyzylkum Desert?
Desert in Central Asia ## Footnote Located between the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers.
88
What is the Pamir Knot?
A massive convergence of mountain ranges, known as the 'Roof of the World.'
89
Where are the Kunlun Mountains located?
China, Tibet
90
What is significant about the Qilian Mountains?
A high-altitude mountain range separating Tibet from Inner Mongolia.
91
What natural border do the Tannu-Ola Mountains form?
Between Mongolia and Siberia.
92
Which mountains are home to boreal forests?
Khingan Mountains in northeastern China and southeastern Siberia.
93
What is the Dasht-e Kavir?
A vast desert with salt flats and extreme temperatures.
94
Which desert is known as one of the hottest places on Earth?
Dasht-e Lut (Lut Desert)
95
What is unique about the Badain Jaran Desert?
Known for the world’s tallest stationary sand dunes.
96
Fill in the blank: The Taklamakan Desert is located in _______.
China – Xinjiang
97
What is the Karakum Desert known for?
Covers most of Turkmenistan and is home to the famous 'Door to Hell' gas crater.
98
Which desert is situated between two major Central Asian rivers?
Kyzylkum Desert
99
What does the Tarim Basin surround?
The Taklamakan Desert, home to ancient lost civilizations.
100
What is the significance of the Indus River Valley?
The birthplace of one of the world’s earliest civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization.
101
What does the Brahmaputra Basin create annually?
Fertile land in northeastern India through flooding.
102
Where is the world's largest mangrove forest located?
Sundarbans (India, Bangladesh)
103
What was supported by the Mesopotamian Marshes?
The ancient Sumerians.
104
What is the Ordos Plateau historically inhabited by?
Nomadic groups like the Xiongnu.
105
Fill in the blank: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the _______.
largest and highest plateau on Earth
106
What characterizes the Shanxi Plateau?
A loess-covered plateau with deep river valleys and ancient cave dwellings.
107
What is Dzungaria?
A historical region distinct from the Uyghur-dominated Tarim Basin.
108
What is Zomia known for?
A highland region populated by ethnic minorities historically resistant to state control.
109
What is Gorno-Badakhshan?
An autonomous, mountainous region in eastern Tajikistan with a unique Pamiri culture.
110
Which regions claim Jammu & Kashmir?
India, Pakistan, and China.
111
What are the Spratly Islands?
A group of islands in the South China Sea, subject to territorial disputes.
112
Which islands are contested in the South China Sea?
Paracel Islands
113
What is notable about the Nicobar Islands?
A remote archipelago in the Andaman Sea, home to indigenous tribes.
114
What historical link do the Sulu Archipelago islands have?
Historically linked to the Sultanate of Sulu.
115
Where are the Ryukyu Islands located?
Stretching from Kyushu to Taiwan, including Okinawa.
116
What does the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion feature?
Cold boreal forests and endangered snow leopards.
117
Where is the Tundra of Yakutia found?
Russia – Siberia, Sakha Republic
118
What characterizes the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau?
A biodiverse region with karst landscapes and deep river gorges.
119
Fill in the blank: Sundaland is a submerged landmass that connected _______ during the Ice Age.
Southeast Asia

Advanced geography terms (1 decks)

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