Geography Terror 😊

Question 1

Striations

Answer 1

Scratches/parallel grooves on rock from moving ice like glacier/fault movement.

Question 2

Drumlin

Answer 2

Hills of sediment that streamlined by glacier flow.

Question 3

Weathering

Answer 3

Breaking down/dissolving of rocks/minerals on the earth. After erosion transports the rocks/minerals away.

Question 4

Physical weathering

Answer 4

Breaks down rocks/minerals/soil, without changing chemical composition.

Question 5

Biological weathering

Answer 5

Plants break up rocks with the roots/roots exudates

Question 6

J. Tuzo Wilson

Answer 6

Sparked interest in the plate tectonics theory. He’s Canadian.

Question 7

Chemical weathering

Answer 7

Chemicals from rainwater changing minerals in rocks.

Question 8

Earths composition

Answer 8

Structure of the earth divided into four.

Question 9

Crust

Answer 9

Rocky outer layer of Earth. Made of basalt/granite. Thinner under oceans.

Question 10

Mantle

Answer 10

Rocky layer, under crust. Made up of mostly silicates. convection (heat) currents carry heat from hot inner mantle to cooler outer mantle.

Question 11

Outer core

Answer 11

Molten rock iron-nickel layer surrounding inner core.

Question 12

Inner core

Answer 12

Solid iron-nickel Center of Earth. Very hot and under great pressure.

Question 13

Volcano’s

Answer 13

Opening/vents that lava/small rocks/steam erupt to earth’s surface surface.

Question 14

Earthquake

Answer 14

Two blocks of earth suddenly slip past each other.

Question 15

Pacific Ring of Fire

Answer 15

Pacific Ocean surrounds pacific plate. It’s the area the plates meet and there’s the weakness that caused earthquakes/volcanoes.

Question 16

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Answer 16

Made from magma trapped deep in the earth.

Question 17

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Answer 17

Made from magma that exits, cools above/near Earth’s surface.

Question 18

Granite

Answer 18

Igneous rock made of mostly quartz/feldspar. It’s an intrusive rock.

Question 19

Sandstone

Answer 19

Sedimentary rock made from grains of sand compacted/cemented over millions of years. The sands mostly made of quartz/feldspar that was worn off rocks, then grounded into pebbles.

Question 20

Limestone

Answer 20

Sedimentary rock naturally in earth’s environment.

Question 21

Magma

Answer 21

Molten rock that’s underground.

Question 22

Lava

Answer 22

Magma (molten rock) coming out as liquid on Earth’s surface. Or solidified rock after cooling of molten lava flow.

Question 23

Glaciation

Answer 23

Buildup/movement of ice on Earth resulting in formations/scars left on the ground/mountain ranges.

Question 24

Moraines

Answer 24

Hills deposited when a glacier retreats. Made of rocks,sand,etc.

Question 25

Outwash (stratified drift)

Answer 25

Sediments laid down by glacier melt wash.

Question 26

Till

Answer 26

Material that is deposited directly by the ice.

Question 27

Erratics

Answer 27

Large, isolated boulders that were left behind by a glacier.

Question 28

Alfred Wegener

Answer 28

Proposed continental drift theory in 1912.

Question 29

5 pieces of evidence to support continental drift

Answer 29

1. Jig-saw puzzle fit of continents 2. Matching rocks/mountain belts 3. Similar fossils on different continents 4. Evidence of similar past climates 5. Matching glacial deposits

Question 30

Pangaea

Answer 30

Super-continent which included all the earths landmasses.

Question 31

Folding

Answer 31

Bending/deformation of beds of rocks subjected to compressional forces.

Question 32

Faulting

Answer 32

Displacement/fracturing that happens between two portions of Earths crust.

Question 33

Big bang theory

Answer 33

15 billion years ago there was a giant release of energy. It threw gas/rocks/energy across the galaxy. Billions of years later matter slowed down. Material condensed into plants/suns. Scientists believe earth began 4.5-5 billion years ago.

Question 34

Continental drift

Answer 34

Movement of continents because of motion from tectonic plates.

Question 35

Plate tectonic theory

Answer 35

Suggests earths outer layer is divided in seven plates that go over earths Rocky inner layer above the soft core (mantle).

Question 36

Convection currents

Answer 36

Process of heat going from inner core to mantle, then cooling and going back down.

Question 37

Sea-floor spreading

Answer 37

Process where tectonic plates split from each other.

Question 38

Mid-Atlantic ridge

Answer 38

Mostly underwater mountain range in the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 39

Rift valley

Answer 39

Lowland regions formed when earths tectonic plates move apart/rift.

Question 40

Great African rift valley

Answer 40

Series of contiguous trenches. 7k kilometres approximately in length.

Question 41

Marianas trench

Answer 41

Deep-sea trench in the floor in the western North Pacific Ocean.

Question 42

Iceland

Answer 42

Large island located in northern Atlantic. Rugged landscape/scenery.

Question 43

Subduction

Answer 43

Ocean plate crashes into continental plate, slides under.

Question 44

Divergent plate boundary

Answer 44

Two tectonic plates move from each other.

Question 45

Transform plate boundary

Answer 45

Two plates slide past one another, horizontally.

Question 46

Convergent plate boundary

Answer 46

Area where 2+ lithosphere plates collide.

Question 47

Oceanic-continental

Answer 47

Ocean is denser, oceanic plate sinks beneath continental . Happens at ocean trench.

Question 48

Subduction zones

Answer 48

Where subduction takes place.

Question 49

Continental-continental

Answer 49

Collide and make mountains. Will not go underneath each other because of densities.

Question 50

Oceanic-oceanic

Answer 50

Collide, both are made of basaltic rock, older will go under younger because older is cooler which equals denser.

Question 51

San Andreas fault

Answer 51

Strike-slip boundary between two big plates of earth crust. Northern pacific (south/west) and North America (north/east)

Question 52

Oak ridges moraine

Answer 52

Thickest piece of glacial material in Ontario. Made 13k years ago during last ice age.

Question 53

Erosion

Answer 53

Materials are worn away and transported by natural forces.