geography test - theme 1

Question 1

define overpopulation

Answer 1

when the number of people is greater than the amount of resources and technology to maintain an adequate standard of living for the population

Question 2

define underpopulation

Answer 2

when the number of people living in an area is less than is needed to make a full use of the resources available

Question 2

some consequences of overpopulation are

Answer 2

• not enough housing
• water and air pollution
• shortage of food and water
• high crime rates
• not enough health care and education
• lack of employment
• poverty

Question 3

some consequences of underpopulation are

Answer 3

• shortage of workers
• low levels of production
• high taxes
• resources underused
• lack of government income
• small markets for goods and services
• low value of exports

Question 4

define natural population

Answer 4

natural population is the change between the birth rates and death rates

Question 5

define birthrate

Answer 5

birthrates are the number of births per 1000 people per year

Question 6

define deathrates

Answer 6

deathrates are the number of deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 7

define net migration

Answer 7

the average number of people moving into the country minus those moving out of the country

Question 8

what is a demographic transition model

Answer 8

the model of the way that population growth can be divided into four stages as birth and death rates change over time

Question 9

falling birthrates are caused by

Answer 9

• availability for contraception
• more women are busy to go to work
• girls are educated to marry later
• more family planning
• reduction of infant mortality
• less need for children as a labour source

Question 10

falling death rates are caused by

Answer 10

• improvement in healthcare facilities
• increased availability of medicines and doctors
• more and better quality food available
• improvement in water supplies
• improvement in sanitation and hygiene
• reduction in wars and conflicts

Question 11

define migrants

Answer 11

migrants are people who move from one place to another in order to live or work.

Question 12

define imigrants

Answer 12

people moving into a country

Question 13

define emigrant

Answer 13

people moving out of the country

Question 14

define asylum seeker

Answer 14

a person who leaves their country of origin in fear of persecution, they have asked for permission to stay in another country, and are waiting a decision on this

Question 15

define refugee

Answer 15

a person who leaves their country of origin in fear of their lives. they often do not know where they will end up and with no permission to stay in another country

Question 16

define illegal immigrant

Answer 16

a person who enters the country to live and work there without permission

Question 17

define economic immigrant

Answer 17

a person moves and lives in a different country in order to work

Question 18

define internal immigrant

Answer 18

a person who moves to live or work in a different place within the same country

Question 19

what are some of the push factors from rural area

Answer 19

small farms, no electricity, low paid jobs, lack of healthcare

Question 20

what are some of the pull factors to urban areas

Answer 20

high paid jobs, more electricity, healthcare, education

Question 21

what are some positive impacts of origin

Answer 21

• can send money home to family
• more resources left behind for other people
• learn new skills which maybe used if the migrant returns home

Question 22

what are some negative impacts of origin

Answer 22

• loss of contact of their families and friends
• away from home for a long period of time

Question 23

what are some positive impacts of the destination

Answer 23

• chance to obtain work
• chance to save more money
• chance of better quality of life
• chance of a better living standard

Question 24

what are some negative impacts of the destination

Answer 24

- may be low paid work - may be racial and cultural problems - may struggle with the language - may be exploited for long hours and poor working conditions - hard to get housing

Question 25

what does the population pyramid give

Answer 25

information about the three groups of people

Question 25

what is a census

Answer 25

how many people there are in the world

Question 26

for who is the population pyramid useful for

Answer 26

demographers

Question 26

what are the groups of people on the population pyramid

Answer 26

- the young dependants ( age of 0 to 14) - the workforce ( 15 to 64) - the elderly dependants ( 65upwards)

Question 27

define population distribution

Answer 27

the pattern of where people live

Question 28

define linear settlements

Answer 28

the settlement of where people along a road or river

Question 28

define population density

Answer 28

population density describes the average number of people living in a given area

Question 29

define dispersed settlement

Answer 29

farms, or isolated buildings that are scattered across the countryside and are surrounded by farmland

Question 30

define nucleated settlement

Answer 30

made up of a cluster of buildings, usually around a central point, such as crossroads or bridge over a river

Question 31

what is settlement hierarchy

Answer 31

shows how settlements in any area can be put in order based on their size or services that they provide

Question 32

what is CBD

Answer 32

central business district

Question 33

what are some urban problems

Answer 33

- pollution ( air, water, noise) - inequality - lack of housing - urban sprawl - traffic congestion

Question 34

define urbanisation

Answer 34

urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.

Question 35

define rural depopulation

Answer 35

due to the pull factors to attract people to the urban areas, the rural population decreases

Question 36

define counter urbanisation

Answer 36

when people move to the rural areas from the urban areas