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Geography Year 09 2021 > Geography Y09 Spr1 > Flashcards

Geography Y09 Spr1 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

1.1 plate tectonics

A

theory of earth’s structure and causes of earthquakes and volcanoes

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2
Q

1.2 natural hazard

A

a natural event that poses a risk to human life

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3
Q

1.3 crust

A

the thinnest layer of the earth that we consider the ‘surface’

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4
Q

1.4 mantle

A

the layer underneath the crust containing liquid rock

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5
Q

1.5 core

A

the centre layer of the earth that is solid rock

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6
Q

1.6 magma

A

liquid rock found in the mantle

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7
Q

1.7 convection currents

A

currents driving moving magma in the mantle

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8
Q

1.8 continental drift

A

the theory of plate tectonics moving around the earth’s surface

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9
Q

1.9 earthquake

A

the shaking of the earth’s crust

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10
Q

1.1 focus

A

the centre of the earthquake underground

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11
Q

1.11 epicentre

A

the centre of the earthquake found on the crust

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12
Q

1.12 seismometer

A

an instrument used to measure the power of an earthquake

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13
Q

1.13 magnitude

A

the power of an earthquake

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14
Q

1.14 Richter scale

A

measures the magnitude of an earthquake

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15
Q

1.15 Mercalli scale

A

measure the destruction level of an earthquake

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16
Q

1.16 plate margin

A

the border where two tectonic plates meet

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17
Q

1.17 destructive plate margin

A

when one plate pushes under another, into the mantle, e.g. Nazca and South American plates

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18
Q

1.18 constructive plate margin

A

when two plates pull apart from each other, making new land, e.g. North American and Eurasian plates

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19
Q

1.19 collision plate margin

A

two plates hit each other and land is forced upwards to form mountains e.g. Indian and Eurasian plates

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20
Q

1.2 conservative plate margin

A

two plates slide past each other - no land is destroyed or created, e.g. North American and Pacific plates

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21
Q

1.21 adaptation

A

teaching people how to live with the risk of volcanoes and earthquakes.

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22
Q

1.22 mitigation

A

the act of protecting people from the effects of volcanoes and earthquakes

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23
Q

2.1 number of layers

A

four

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24
Q

2.2 inner core

A

hottest part, dense and made of solid metal

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25
2.3 outer core
dense and made of metals iron and nickel
26
2.4 mantle
made of liquid rock called magma
27
2.5 crust
•thin and cold on the surface of the earth
28
2.6 magma
liquid rock found in the mantle
29
3.1 place
a portion of geographic space that is unique in some way and can be compared with other places
30
3.2 space
interactions that link places together e.g. the movement of people from one place to another (migration)
31
3.3 scale
understanding where certain places are at a variety of scales ranging from local (nearby) to global (worldwide)
32
3.4 environmental impacts
the effect that people and/or natural occurrences have on the environment and our surroundings
33
3.5 physical & human processes
Human or physical mechanisms of change, such as migration or sea-level rise
34
4.1 hemisphere
half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and southern halves by the equator
35
4.2 continent
one of several land masses
36
4.3 ocean
a body of water that comprises most of a planet’s hydrosphere
37
4.4 sea
a body of water found on the margins of the ocean and partially enclosed by land
38
4.5 monarchy
a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state
39
4.6 democratic
a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their government
40
4.7 conflict
a clash of interest or disagreement between people and/or countries
41
4.8 relief
the lay of the land: mountainous or flat, rivers or desert
42
4.9 physical feature
the natural characteristics that make up a place
43
4.1 human feature
characteristics of a place that have been made by humans
44
4.11 desert
an area of land that receives no more than 25cm of precipitation per year
45
4.12 precipitation
rainfall, snow, sleet, hail
46
4.13 climate
the average or expected weather conditions over a long period of time in an area (usually 30 years)
47
4.14 development
the process of improving a country and making citizens wealthier
48
4.15 commodity
a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold
49
4.16 tourism
the operation of holidays and visits to places of interest
50
4.17 LIC
low income countries
51
4.18 HIC
high income countries
52
4.19 water insecurity
a lack of sufficient water to meet human needs, or scarcity of water supplies
53
4.2 drought
long shortages in water supplies, either through lack of precipitation or a fall in groundwater supplies
54
4.21 agriculture
the science or practice of farming
55
4.22 irrigation
the supply of water to land or crops to help growth
56
4.23 desalination
the process of removing salt from seawater
57
4.24 sustainable
meeting the needs of people today without impacting future generations
58
4.25 strategic
to help business or government achieve their overall goals.
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4.26 poverty
the state of being extremely poor
60
4.27 corruption
a form of dishonesty or a criminal offence by a person or an organisation in a position of authority so that only they benefit
61
4.28 birth rate
the number of live births per thousand of population per year
62
4.29 life expectancy
 the number of years a person can expect to live
63
5.1 Positive Impacts of Tourism on employment
provides jobs for locals
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5.2 Positive Impacts of Tourism on economy
income from tourists spending money
65
5.3 Positive Impacts of Tourism on infrastructure
Money from tourism can be spent on improving the country in terms of healthcare, education and roads. This is known as infrastructure.
66
5.4 Negative Impacts of Tourism on Culture
cultural erosion of the host country
67
5.5 Negative Impacts of Tourism on Resources
Many tourists can use up valuable resources e.g. water supply.
68
5.6 Negative Impacts of Tourism on Infrastructure
Money made from tourism is often only spent on making facilities better for the tourists and not the locals.
69
5.7 Negative Impacts of Tourism on Workers
The tourism industry can exploit migrant workers.
70
5.8 Negative Impacts of Tourism on the Environment
Tourism can have huge environmental impacts e.g. water pollution impacting on wildlife.
71
6.2 sustainable development
improving places in such a way that does not harm the environment or the people in it for now or for future generations
72
6.3 cultural awareness
our understanding of the differences between ourselves and people from other countries or other backgrounds
73
6.4 cultural diversity
our ability to recognise that there are a large amount of different cultures that exist around our world
74
6.5 environmental impacts
the effect that people and/or natural occurrences have on the environment and our surroundings

Geography Year 09 2021 (3 decks)

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