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Geography > Geography - yr 9 end of year > Flashcards

Geography - yr 9 end of year Flashcards

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1
Q

where are igneous rocks located in the uk?

A

north parts including northern Ireland

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2
Q

where are sedimentary rocks located in the uk?

A

southern and eastern parts of the uk

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3
Q

where are metamorphic rocks located in the uk?

A

north-west

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4
Q

relief of the uk

A

-the relief is high in the north
-relief is also high in the west in Wales
-relief is low in England
-more low towards the south

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5
Q

how are igneous rocks formed

A

formed by magma cooling to create igneous rock

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6
Q

how are metamorphic rocks formed

A

formed by heat and pressure

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7
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

formed by layers on the ocean bed stacking together with puts pressure on the rock below

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8
Q

what country’s make up the uk?

A

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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9
Q

what country’s make up great Britain?

A

England, Scotland, wales

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10
Q

name 3 rivers in the uk

A

wandle, seven, thames

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11
Q

what is chemical weathering

A

-minerals inside of rocks go through changes caused by chemical reactions
-caused by water, oxygen, co2 or acids

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12
Q

what is mechanical weathering

A

the wear down of rocks caused by frost, ice, or heat from the sun

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13
Q

what is biological weathering

A

plants, animals and other living things cause larger rocks to be broken into smaller pieces

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14
Q

what transportation method is traction

A

large, heavy pebbles are rolled along the river bed.

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15
Q

what transportation method is saltation

A

pebbles are bounced along the river bed

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16
Q

what transportation method is suspension

A

lighter sediment is suspended (carried) within the water

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17
Q

what transportation method is solution

A

the transport of dissolved chemicals

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18
Q

what erosion method is Hydraulic action

A

This is the sheer power of the water as it smashes against the river banks.

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19
Q

what erosion method is Abrasion

A

When pebbles grind along the river bank and bed

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20
Q

what erosion method is Attrition

A

When rocks that the river is carrying knock against each other.

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21
Q

what erosion method is Solution

A

When the water dissolves certain types of rocks

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22
Q

what is erosional landform

A

firstly, there is a crack in the cliff that widens, eventually it collapses to form a small cave, then the cave breaks through to form an arch, unsupported rock collapses to form a stack, the stack erodes down from weathering to form a stack in the sea

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23
Q

physical causes of erosion in Happisburgh

A

rain soaks into cliff - the cliffs are soft so erode more easily

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24
Q

human causes of erosion in Happisburgh

A

the Norfolk counsel take away 10 million tones of sand each year, has a low population density

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25
what is happening in Happisburgh
Happisburgh are experiencing coastal erosion at a rapid rate and are trying to mitigate the rate of coastal erosion but do not have the money to do so
26
what are the 3 bodies of water surrounding the uk?
north sea, Atlantic ocean and English channel
26
what are some sea defences
sea wall, groynes, revetments, rip rap, gabions, beach replenishment, break waters, cliff drains
27
what is a sea wall
a concrete wall placed at the foot of the cliff to protect it
28
what are groynes
dividers along the beach to prevent longshore drift
29
what are revetments
a wooden or concrete, slopping structure placed at the foot of the cliff
30
what are rip rap
boulders placed at the foot of the cliff
30
what are gabions
a wire cage, filled with small rocks and stone
31
does Happisburgh have a sea wall
NO
32
what does low pressure equal to
unsettled weather
33
what are the 3 main rivers in India
Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra
33
what is a soft power
the ability to influence a country slightly without force or power
33
what does high pressure equal to
clear skys / sunny weather
34
what is the arctic maritine
-cold and wet weather -brought from the arctic -comes down from the north of the uk
34
what is tropical continental
-warm, dry and clear skys -effects the south of the uk -comes up from the south
34
what are the 3 main mountain ranges in india
Eastern Ghats, Himalayas and Aravalli Range
35
what is a hard power
the ability to influence a county entirely using force or power
35
what are some of India's soft powers
-sport -film and media -international aid -TNCs
36
what are some of India's hard powers
-military -natural resources -economy
37
what is an inter glacial period
periods of warmer temperatures. last for about 10,000 years
38
what is a glacial period
periods of colder temperatures. last for about 100,000
39
what are glacial landforms
a natural, recognisable feature on the land, formed by the action of glaciers
40
who is a stakeholder
an individual or group that has an interest in any decision or activity of an organisation
41
what is a golden spike
a geological marker created by a global event that leads to long lasting global changes recorded in the earths geology
42
what is an ice sheet
-expands more than 50,000sq km -only found in Antarctica and Greenland
43
what is an ice cap
-usually found near the edge of ice sheets but less than 50,000sq km -they are larger than a glacier
44
what is a glacier
-they are smaller than ice sheets and ice caps -is a tongue of ice that moves very slowly downhill
45
what is the zone of accumulation
the upper area of a glacier where the rate of accumulation is higher than the rate of ablation
46
what is the zone of ablation
the lower area of a glacier where the rate of ablation is higher than the rate of accumulation
47
what is accumulation
the gains of snow and ice in a glacier
48
how is a u-shaped valley formed
-glacier forms in a V-shaped valley -freeze though takes place on the side of the glacier(steepens the valley sides) -plucking takes rocks from the side of the glacier making it steeper -this makes a u - shaped valley
49
what is an arete
-the narrow edge along the top of 2 mountains -steep slopes either sides of the ridge
50
what is a corrie
an armchair shaped depression
50
what is a pyramidal peak
-the steep peak of the mountain -bit like a pyramid
51
how is a corrie formed
-snow build up on the mountain -freeze though weakens the rocks in the mountain -the glacier moves down hill while plucking the loose rocks -the rocks clear out a hole in the mountain (abrasion) -the glacier melts and leaves a corrie
52
what is a melt water lake
-a glacier melts into water to form a lake
53
what are the 3 types of erosion in glaciers
abrasion - the rocks rubbing against each other like sandpaper plucking - the glacier picking up loose rocks while moving deposition - the glacier taking rocks from one place to another
54
how is middle east suffering from climate change
Egypt - experiencing rising sea levels Jedda in Saudi Arabia - has suffered almost annual floods Abu Dhabi - extreme heat
55
what problem is Bangladesh facing
rising sea levels
56
what is happening in Masdar city
they are trying to be the first fully sustainable city
57
what is the Paris agreement
The Agreement includes commitments from all countries (195) to reduce their emissions and work together to adapt to the impacts of climate change
58
what are the 3 development indicators
LIDC, EDC, AC
59
what are all of the development indicators
HDI, GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP, birth rate, infant mortality rate, death rate and happy index
60

Geography (1 decks)

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