Geolegy

Question 1

Igneous

Answer 1

Rocks that from the cooling magma or lava when it is flying through the air.

Question 2

Lava

Answer 2

Magma that has reached the surface of a volcano

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

Liquid rock that has not reached the surface

Question 4

Extrusive

Answer 4

igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

Question 5

Intrusive

Answer 5

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

Question 6

Mineral

Answer 6

A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance

Question 7

lithosphere

Answer 7

The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Question 8

Asthenosphere

Answer 8

The upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere.

Question 9

Crystal

Answer 9

A piece of a homogeneous solid substance

Question 10

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 10

Rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure

Question 11

Erosion

Answer 11

The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and human activity

Question 12

Floodplains

Answer 12

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

Question 13

Glaciers

Answer 13

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

Question 14

Moraines

Answer 14

Deposit left by movement of a glacier

Question 15

Sandstone

Answer 15

A sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts

Question 16

Mudstone

Answer 16

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

Question 17

Shale

Answer 17

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

Question 18

Slitstone

Answer 18

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

Question 19

Conglomerate

Answer 19

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

Question 20

Limestone

Answer 20

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

Question 21

Coal

Answer 21

A sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

Question 22

Rock Salt

Answer 22

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.

Question 23

Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 23

A metamorphic rock is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure

Question 24

Metamorphism

Answer 24

Alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat, pressure, or other natural agency

Question 25

Mineral ores

Answer 25

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

Question 26

Mining

Answer 26

Extraction of natural resources from the Earth

Question 27

Environmental impact statement (EIS)

Answer 27

Study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

Question 28

Rehabilitated

Answer 28

Restored to its previous condition

Question 29

Overburden

Answer 29

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

Question 30

Open-cut mining

Answer 30

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

Question 31

Underground mining

Answer 31

Mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Question 32

Stone Age

Answer 32

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface

Question 33

Alloy

Answer 33

An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element.

Question 34

Flint

Answer 34

A hard grey rock consisting of nearly pure silica, occurring chiefly as nodules in chalk.

Question 35

Percussion flaking

Answer 35

The shaping of a stone implement by striking or chipping off flakes with another stone or a piece of wood, bone, or antler

Question 36

Fossil

Answer 36

Any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

Question 37

Folding

Answer 37

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

Question 38

Paleontologist

Answer 38

A scientist who studies fossils

Question 39

Relative Age

Answer 39

The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

Question 40

Carnivors

Answer 40

Animal that eats other animals

Question 41

Mould

Answer 41

Cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

Question 42

Extinct Volcanos

Answer 42

Describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.

Question 43

Trace Fossils

Answer 43

Fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed