Geology 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What causes the earth’s plates to move?
When the Mantle heats and cools, it causes the plates to move
What are some effects of the Earth’s plates moving?
Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, and building of mountains.
How do a volcano and earthquake differ?
An earthquake just tears apart land whereas a volcano can tear apart and create new land. Volcanos may also contribute to rich soil and people can capture a volcano’s energy to create electricity.
What is a fault?
It is a break in the earth’s crust where rock moves. Earthquakes tend to occur near faults. (pg 243)
How is a mountain formed? Give an example
Mountains are formed by blocks of earth’s crust getting pushed upward. (pgs 232 & 241)
What is the difference between a hill and a mountain?
Hills are smaller than mountains, less than 500 meters tall (pg 232)
What is weathering?
The breaking down of rock on the earth’s surface into smaller pieces. (pg 208)
What are two types of weathering?
Chemical and physical
Give examples of chemical weathering.
Rusting, acid raid, plant acids
What land forms are formed by acid rain?
1) Caves - Acid rain seeps underground and dissolves the rock. 2)Sink holes (209)
What causes physical weathering? (pgs 208-211)
1) Temperature change- repeated heating and cooling - _ rock peeling. 2) Ice - repeated freezing and melting. 3) Water . 4) Living things - plants and animals. 5) Gravity-landslides . 6) Abrasion, wearing away by solid particles carried by wind, water.
Define erosion
Erosion is the process of moving sediment.
What are some causes of erosion? (pg. 212)
Water, wind glaciers
Deposition
This occurs when sediments are deposited by wind, water, or ice in a new location.
What are some landforms that are created as a result of deposition ? (pg 244)
Delta & Dunes, islands, flood plains
Delta (pg 235)
These landforms are created when rivers, which carry large loads of sediment, slow down when they reach a sea or ocean. This causes the river to slow down and deposit the sediment at the mouth of the river. This soil is often very good for agriculture.
Dune (pg 235)
Large hills of sand created when wind picks up small particles of sand and then deposits them onto the ground.
Define Islands (pg 236)
Is a body of land surrounded by water
How can islands be made?
1) From volcanic activity. 2) Deposition
What are flood plains?
Large flat landform that extend along rivers,- they are formed by soil and sediment that are left behind when the rivers overflow (pg 234)
Glacier (pg 245)
Gigantic formations of ice that do not melt over the course of a year. These giant ice formations move very slowly, and can quickly erode rock, turning mountains into valleys and forming lakes.
What is a valley?
A valley is a lower area with higher land around it. Valleys stretch between mountains and hills.
What is a canyon?
A canyon is a valley with steep walls.
What forms most valleys?
Rivers or glaciers – moving water or ice weathers the rock and soil, and erosion moves soil and rock from valley walls.
