Geology Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the two main factors that shape the earth
Gravity and heat
Define intrusive igneous rock
When hot magma cools down and solidifies beneath the upper surface of the earth. These rocks are coarse grained as the magma cools down slowly
Define extrusive igneous rock
Hot magma is ejected from the earth, this can be when lava erupts from a volcano or flows from a fissure. The lava cools quickly and solidifies. These rocks are fine grained
Define sedimentary rocks
Composed of geological material formed when particles of mineral organic matter are compacted after they have have been deposited by the action of wind or water. They can be comprised of organic matter or created by mechanical processes
Define metamorphic rocks
Created by the breaking down or combining of minerals from other rocks due to an increase of temperature and/or pressure
What is the difference between magma and lava
Magma is the molten rock beneath the surface of the earth and lava is molten rock that is ejected from the crust onto the surface of the earth
What is meant by the term topography
A map of the surface features of land
Give four examples of minerals
Oxygen
Aluminium
Silicon
Iron
Give four characteristics of granite
Resistant to weathering
Souls are acidic and nutrient poor
Souls are pale in color, course grained and sandy
Large leaved plants are found on the crests
What type of rock is granite
Intrusive igneous
What are the common minerals in granite
Quartz and feldspar
What type of rock is dole rite
Intrusive igneous
What are the common minerals in dole rite
Plagioclase
Quartz
Pyroxene
What type of rock is marble
Metamorphic
What are the common minerals in marble
Calcite
Silicate minerals
