Geology and Hydrosphere

Question 1

Naturally occurring inorganic solids that possess an orderly crystalline structure that can be represented by a chemical formula

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

Consolidated mixture of minerals

Answer 2

Rocks

Question 3

Formed from cooled magma that solidated through crystallization

Answer 3

Igneous

Question 4

Large crystal formed from slow cooling of magma below the earth’s surface

Answer 4

Intrusive

Question 5

Large crystal formed from quick cooling of magma at the earth’s surface

Answer 5

Extrusive

Question 6

Formed from the lithification of sediments

Answer 6

Sedimentary

Question 7

Originated as solid particles derived from weathering and are transported

Answer 7

Detrital Sediments

Question 8

Originated from soluble materials produced by chemical weathering

Answer 8

Chemical Sediments

Question 9

Rocks are subjected to extreme heat and pressure

Answer 9

Metamorphic

Question 10

Effects of metamorphism

Answer 10

• increased density
• recrystallization
• Reorientation of mineral grains
• formation of new minerals

Question 11

The hypothesis that breaking apart of a super Continental into smaller continents, then drifting into their current positions

Answer 11

Continental drift

Question 12

Proposed the continental drift theory

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

Provides the mechanism for the continental drift hypothesis

Answer 13

Plate tectonic

Question 14

Outer solid layer of the earth

Answer 14

Lithosphere

Question 15

Lithosphere is divided into segments called

Answer 15

Plates

Question 16

Weaker inner liquid layer of the earth

Answer 16

Asthenosphere

Question 17

Rapid vibration of earth due to the release os energy that were subjected to extreme pressure

Answer 17

Earthquake

Question 18

Plates that moves apart

Answer 18

Divergent boundary

Question 19

Plates that grind against each other

Answer 19

Transform boundary

Question 20

Plates that moves toward each other

Answer 20

Convergent boundary

Question 21

Types of pyroclastic material by size

Answer 21

Ash/Dust -> Lapili/Cider -> Block -> bomb

Question 22

Symmetrical cones with structure of imbedded lava and pyroclastic material

Answer 22

Composite volcano

Question 23

Have steep slopes composed of pyroclastic materials

Answer 23

Cider cone volcano

Question 24

Broad, domed volcanoes composed of basaltic lava

Answer 24

Shield Volcano

Question 25

Disintegration and decomposition of rock near the surface

Answer 25

Weathering

Question 26

Transfer of rock material downslope

Answer 26

Mass-wasting

Question 27

Incorporation and transportation of material by mobile agent

Answer 27

Erosion

Question 28

Broad, domed volcanoes composed of basaltic lava

Answer 28

Shield Volcano

Question 29

Disintegration and decomposition of rocks near surface

Answer 29

Weathering

Question 30

Transfer of rock material downslope

Answer 30

Mass-wasting

Question 31

Incorporation and transportation of material by mobile agent

Answer 31

Erosion

Question 32

Underwater landmass that extends from the coastline to the shelf break then steep towards the deep ocean basin

Answer 32

Continental shelf

Question 33

Steep sloping from the continental shelf into deep ocean floor

Answer 33

Continental slope

Question 34

Found where trenches do not exist

Answer 34

Continental rise

Question 35

Lies between continental margin and oceanic ridge system

Answer 35

Deep ocean basin

Question 36

Crustal plates descending into mantle level area, contains thick accumulations of sediments

Answer 36

Deep-ocean trenches abyssal plains

Question 37

Isolated volcanic peaks accumulation of basaltic lava flows

Answer 37

Seamounts and guyots oceanic plateaus

Question 38

Reef building of corals and other organisms on the flanks of sinking volcano island

Answer 38

Atolls

Question 39

Site of divergent plate boundaries where seafloor spreading occurs

Answer 39

Oceanic ridge

Question 40

Masses of ocean water that flow from one place to another

Answer 40

Ocean current

Question 41

Movement of particles opposite that of the rotation of the earth, cause gyres in the northern hemisphere

Answer 41

Coriolis effect

Question 42

Upward movement of cold water from deeper layers

Answer 42

Upwelling

Question 43

Area extending between the lowest tide level and the highest elevation on the land is affected by storm waves

Answer 43

Shore

Question 44

Accumulation of sediment found along the landward margin of the shore

Answer 44

Beach

Question 45

Daily rise and fall in the elevation of the oceansurface at a specific location

Answer 45

Tides

Question 46

Land area that contributes water to a stream water that occupies spaces in the bedrock

Answer 46

Drainage Basin groundwater

Question 47

Intersection of a water table to the surface heated ground water that expands and changes steam, causing water eruption

Answer 47

Spring geyser