Geology Exam 2 Review

Question 1

The structure of the Rio Grande, that if it continued to be active, would’ve formed a new ocean.

Answer 1

Failed Rift

Question 2

What conditions are most effective for frost wedging?

Answer 2

Moist and Temperate Climate

Question 3

Who proposed the elastic rebound theory after which earthquake?

Answer 3

Dr. Reid, 1906 San Francisco

Question 4

Device that operates by measuring the time required for a sound pulse to travel from a ship to the seafloor and back.

Answer 4

Echo Sounder or Sonar

Question 5

Chemical, physical, and biological changes that take place after sediments are deposited and buried.

Answer 5

Diagenesis

Question 6

What are the major constituents of a limestone?

Answer 6

Silica and calcite

Question 7

Famous 7.8 magnitude earthquake that was followed by a fire.

Answer 7

1906 San Francisco Earthquake

Question 8

What kind of weathering is happening when gabbro or diorite turns into clays?

Answer 8

Chemical

Question 9

A type of fault whose displacement causes tsunamis.

Answer 9

Reverse or Thrust fault

Question 10

In what climatic conditions is chemical weathering sped up?

Answer 10

Moist, high temperatures

Question 11

The combination of water and carbon gas that dissolves calcite rocks.

Answer 11

Carbonic Acid

Question 12

A type of metamorphosed coal.

Answer 12

Anthracite

Question 13

What is the strong parallel alignment of coarse mica flakes or minerals in a metamorphic rock?

Answer 13

Foliation

Question 14

What is not true about mechanical weathering?

Answer 14

Changes chemical composition

Question 15

The physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rock at or near Earth’s surface.

Answer 15

Weathering

Question 16

A metamorphic foliated rock that has visible mica flakes.

Answer 16

Schist

Question 17

An example of a chemical sedimentary rock.

Answer 17

Limestone or Gypsum

Question 18

Which component of detrital sedimentary rocks rarely occurs as a primary mineral in igneous rocks?

Answer 18

Clays

Question 19

A type of weathering that is most effective in areas of high temperatures, and moist climates.

Answer 19

Chemical Weathering

Question 20

The name of the deepest spot measured by the H.M.S. Challenger.

Answer 20

Challenger Deep

Question 21

Sections that divide the ocean floor into continental margins, deep ocean basins, and mid-oceanic ridges.

Answer 21

Major Provinces of the Ocean Floor

Question 22

What happens to the minerals in a limestone during metamorphism to a marble?

Answer 22

Calcite grains grow larger

Question 23

What’s the name of the submerged parts of continents?

Answer 23

Continental Shelves

Question 24

What is the position on the Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake source?

Answer 24

Epicenter

Question 25

Small earthquakes that precede a big earthquake.

Answer 25

Small earthquakes that precede a big earthquake.

Question 26

Percentage of the Earth that is covered in sedimentary rocks.

Answer 26

75%

Question 27

What is the difference between a conglomerate and a breccia?

Answer 27

Angularity of Grains

Question 28

A scientist who proposed the elastic rebound theory after the San Francisco Earthquake in 1906.

Answer 28

H.F. Reid

Question 29

Percentage of the Earth’s crust that is made of sedimentary rocks.

Answer 29

5%

Question 30

Sedimentary rocks composed of pieces of clay minerals, quartz, and feldspars.

Answer 30

Detrital Sedimentary Rocks

Question 31

A mineral that is very resistant to weathering.

Answer 31

Quartz

Question 32

A metamorphic rock whose main constituents are calcite and quartz.

Answer 32

Marble

Question 33

Which statement about slate is not true?

Answer 33

Has abundant coarse grained mica

Question 34

Percentage of the Earth that is covered in oceans.

Answer 34

70%

Question 35

____ was involved in the comprehensive study of the Earth’s oceans

Answer 35

H.M.S. Challenger

Question 36

The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice, or gravity.

Answer 36

Erosion

Question 37

Which is not necessary to form a metamorphic rock?

Answer 37

Calcium rich fluids

Question 38

Scientist who formulated the seafloor spreading concept in 1960.

Answer 38

Harry Hess

Question 39

A metamorphic rock composed of quartz.

Answer 39

Quartzite

Question 40

Parent rock of slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Answer 40

Shale

Question 41

A scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake based on the damage that it causes.

Answer 41

Mercalli Scale