Geology Test Flashcards
(20 cards)
Name the Layers of the Earth from the outside to the inside
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
What is it called when tectonic plates move far away from each other?
Divergent
What is it called when tectonic plates move close to each other and collide?
Convergent
How do igneous rocks become metamorphic rocks?
Heat and pressure
How do Sediments turn into Sedimentary rocks?
Cementation and Compaction
How do Sedimentary rocks become Metamorphic rocks?
Heat and Pressure
How do Metamorphic rocks become magma?
Melting
How does magma become an Igneous rock?
solidification by cooling
Name three examples of Igneous rocks
Granite, Obsidian, Basalt
Name three examples of Metamorphic rocks
Marble, Slate and Quartz
Name three examples of Sedimentary rocks
Sandstone, Limestone and Shale
What are the four stages of Sedimentary rocks forming
Sediment ends up in water, Layers pile up and compact, further compaction forces water out of layers, Salt crystals glue the layers together
How do Metamorphic rocks form?
When heat and pressure is applies to an igneous rock chemicals they contain may change their forms, or crystal shapes
What is the geological time scale
Divides up the history of the earth based on life-forms and events that have happened/existed during specific times since the creation of the planet
What is the law of superposition?
Layers of rock are laid down one on top of another. The oldest rock layer will be on the bottom and the youngest at the top.
What are relative and absolute dating?
Relative dating tells how old something is in relation to other objects, but cannot provide a year or specific date of use. In contrast, absolute dating provides a specific calendar year
How are fossil’s formed?
When sediment quickly covers the body of a dead organism. This is followed by the water rising then sediment accumulating over the bones. Erosion then exposes the layer.
What are the four types of fossils?
Trace, Whole Body, Imprint, Amber
What is Carbon Dating
When age is estimated by measuring the amount of carbon-14 present in the sample and comparing it against an internationally used reference standard.
Describe each layer of the earth
Crust: Made of solid rocks and minerals
Mantle: 2900km thick, 85% of the earths weight
Outer core: liquid layer, and is mainly made up of the metals iron and nickel
Inner Core: Hot ball made mostly of iron
