Geology test review

Question 1

All of the air/gases surrounding Earth is the

Answer 1

Atmosphere

Question 2

The early idea in science that said Earth was young/shaped by drastic events

Answer 2

Catastrophism

Question 3

A volcano that is erupting frequently

Answer 3

Active

Question 4

The hardest naturally occurring mineral

Answer 4

Diamond

Question 5

Uneven breaking of a mineral due to its atomic structure

Answer 5

Fracture

Question 6

The mineral you could be writing with

Answer 6

Graphite

Question 7

All of Earth’s water

Answer 7

Hydrosphere

Question 8

The way light reflects from the surface of a mineral

Answer 8

Luster

Question 9

The most abundant gas coming out of a volcano

Answer 9

Steam/water vapor

Question 10

Molten rock that is extruding onto the surface

Answer 10

Lava

Question 11

The study of ancient life preserved in rocks

Answer 11

Paleontology

Question 12

One of the minerals that can be called “fools gold”

Answer 12

Pyrite

Question 13

Where parts of Earth’s system interact

Answer 13

Interface

Question 14

The second most plentiful element in Earth’s crust

Answer 14

Silicon

Question 15

Careful use of resources from Earth while protecting the environment at the same time is called _______ development

Answer 15

Sustainable

Question 16

The smallest particle of an element

Answer 16

Atom

Question 17

When a mineral breaks along smooth planes of weakness exhibits

Answer 17

Cleavage

Question 18

The geometric shape of a mineral, perfect ones are rare

Answer 18

Crystal

Question 19

Simplest form of matter -> 92 make up minerals

Answer 19

Elements

Question 20

Any mineral that is hard, rare, beautiful, and can be cut and polished

Answer 20

Gem

Question 21

The mineral for salt

Answer 21

Halite

Question 22

Type of rock formed when molten rock cools

Answer 22

Igneous

Question 23

A rock is defined as being an ________ of minerals

Answer 23

Aggregate

Question 24

Any mineral mined for profit

Answer 24

Ore

Question 25

Type of rock formed when any rock is changed by heat and/or pressure

Answer 25

Metamorphic

Question 26

The study area in geology focused on processes, rocks, etc.

Answer 26

Physical Geology

Question 27

The most common mineral in Earth’s crust

Answer 27

Quartz SiO2

Question 28

Type of rock formed when weathered rock material is turned to stone

Answer 28

Sedimentary

Question 29

Our use of natural resources directly affects our ____ of living

Answer 29

Standard

Question 30

The idea in science today that explain that earth is old and changing slowly

Answer 30

Uniformitarianism

Question 31

All life in Earth is the

Answer 31

Biosphere

Question 32

When elements are combined chemically

Answer 32

Compound

Question 33

Weathered rock + humus + water + air =

Answer 33

Soil

Question 34

The largest group of silicate minerals with many varieties

Answer 34

Feldspars

Question 35

Another name for the lithosphere

Answer 35

Geosphere

Question 36

Study of area focusing on time and the story in the rocks

Answer 36

Historical geology

Question 37

A well-developed soil that has formed in place, reflecting the bedrock

Answer 37

Residual

Question 38

The study of minerals is called

Answer 38

Mineralogy

Question 39

A ______ is the smallest particle of any compound

Answer 39

Molecule

Question 40

Makes up about 47% of Earth’s crust

Answer 40

Oxygen

Question 41

“The _______ is the key to the past”

Answer 41

Present

Question 42

Deposits of any natural resource that have been identified are known as

Answer 42

Reserves

Question 43

The most abundant group of minerals

Answer 43

Silicates

Question 44

A mineral in the nudge = showing its true color

Answer 44

Streak

Question 45

When determining the specific gravity of a mineral its density is compared to that of

Answer 45

Water

Question 46

Tiny shards of glass blown from a volcanic eruption

Answer 46

Ash

Question 47

Metamorphic rock made mostly of micas, it’s a piece of…

Answer 47

Schist

Question 48

Type of bonding that is strong, created by sharing electrons

Answer 48

Covalent

Question 49

Organic sedimentary “rock” that has its origins in a swamp

Answer 49

Coal

Question 50

Concordant intrusion with a tabular nature

Answer 50

Sill

Question 51

Eruptive style of composite volcanos

Answer 51

Explosive

Question 52

Mechanical weathering when water gets into fractures in rocks

Answer 52

Frost-wedging

Question 53

A volcano that has not erupted for a while, but still could

Answer 53

Dormant

Question 54

The most important factor controlling chemical weather/soil formation

Answer 54

Climate

Question 55

Frothy igneous rock that will float on water “grinding away” skin

Answer 55

Pumice

Question 56

Hawaiian lava term for a ropy surface

Answer 56

Pahoehoe

Question 57

A tabular discordant intrusion

Answer 57

Dike

Question 58

Molten rock in the ground

Answer 58

Magma

Question 59

The most common sedimentary rock

Answer 59

Shale

Question 60

Breakdown of rock by shape and size, not composition

Answer 60

Mechanical

Question 61

The most common rock in the Shenandoah Valley, made mostly of calcite

Answer 61

Limestone

Question 62

When magma cools in the ground a pluton/ _____ is formed

Answer 62

Intrusion

Question 63

An igneous texture formed by 2 stages of cooling

Answer 63

Porphyritic

Question 64

Carbonate mineral that has many industrial uses, fizzes with acid

Answer 64

Calcite

Question 65

Any evidence of a life form from the past preserved in a rock

Answer 65

Fossil

Question 66

Eruptive style where magic lava is extruding

Answer 66

Quiet

Question 67

Chemical weather process where oxygen and water are needed

Answer 67

Oxidation

Question 68

Bonding that promotes conductivity

Answer 68

Metallic

Question 69

Volcanic glass formed by supercooling

Answer 69

Obsidian

Question 70

A mineral’s resistance to being scratched

Answer 70

Hardness

Question 71

Metamorphic rock whose parent rock was limestone

Answer 71

Marble

Question 72

Makes up blackboards and pool tables, used to be shale, low grade

Answer 72

Slate

Question 73

Weathered rock particles of all sizes, dissolved, and organic “junk”

Answer 73

Sediments

Question 74

Low silica, low viscosity lava composition

Answer 74

Mafic

Question 75

The most common intrusive igneous rock, makes up continental crust

Answer 75

Granite

Question 76

Te most common extrusive igneous rock, makes up oceanic crust

Answer 76

Basalt

Question 77

A long crack in the crust where lava flows out, te mid-ocean ridge

Answer 77

Fissure

Question 78

The rock beneath the soil

Answer 78

Bedrock

Question 79

Group of sedimentary rocks made of particles of various sizes

Answer 79

Detrital

Question 80

Huge intrusion, often in the core of mountain ranges

Answer 80

Batholith

Question 81

Made of angular sediments that have not travelled very far from their sources

Answer 81

Breccia

Question 82

The smallest type of volcano, Paricutin is an example

Answer 82

Cinder cone

Question 83

Overall ______ weathering shapes the landscape

Answer 83

Differential

Question 84

An extrusion with a centralized vent is a

Answer 84

Volcano

Question 85

Sedimentary rocks made of pebbles

Answer 85

Conglomerate

Question 86

When a volcano has not erupted in recorded history and never will again it is

Answer 86

Extinct

Question 87

Metamorphic texture where differential stress/pressure aligns minerals in bands

Answer 87

Foliated

Question 88

Atomic bonding that allows cleaving to occur in minerals, e transfer

Answer 88

Ionic

Question 89

The most dangerous aspect of composite volcanic eruptions

Answer 89

Pyroclastic flow

Question 90

A thick, well-developed soil with all horizons, supporting plants is said to be:

Answer 90

Mature