Geomorphology

Question 1

rock types

Answer 1

sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

Question 2

what are horizontal rocks of equal resistance

Answer 2

Hilly landscape, Basaltic Plateau

Question 3

what are horizontal rocks of varying resistance

Answer 3

Canyons, karoo landscape

Question 4

hilly landscape?

Answer 4

rounded hills where humid, eneven hills where dry

Question 5

basaltic Plateau?

Answer 5

thick layer of solidified lava, drakensburg, deccan plateau (india)

Question 6

Canyons?

Answer 6

Uplift and cutting down, steep slopes (hard rock), gentle slopes (soft rock).

Question 7

Karoo Landscape?

Answer 7

mesa,butte,pointed butte,conicahill. erosion is backwards

Question 8

What are the inclined rocks of varying resistance

Answer 8

cuesta, homoclinal ridge, hogback

Question 9

Cuesta?

Answer 9

rock is tilted at less than 25 degrees to the horizontal

Question 10

homoclinal ridge?

Answer 10

rock is tilted between 25 degrees and 45 degrees

Question 11

Hogsback?

Answer 11

Rock is tilted at more than 45 degrees

Question 12

explain how a Basaltic Plateau is formed

Answer 12

As the lava cools it wrinkles leaving joints (vertical cracks) in the Basalt. erosion occurs along joints resulting in a flat plateau with steep cliffs.

Question 13

define the term rejuvenated

Answer 13

rivers get more energy, rivers then cut down (erode down) and you get a valley.

Question 14

define a scarp slope

Answer 14

steep scarp slope, gentle rock

Question 15

define a dip slope

Answer 15

gentle dip slope, hard rock

Question 16

The order on inclined rock from most gentle to steep goes?

Answer 16

Cuesta, homoclinal ridge, hogsback

Question 17

define intrusive volcanic features

Answer 17

magma that solidifies underground causes igneous rock to form.

Question 18

What is a batholith?

Answer 18

a large dome shaped intrusion that forms low down in the crust, has no step. made up of granite.

Question 19

what is a Laccolith?

Answer 19

smaller dome shaped intrusion connected to a pipe. forces sedimentary rocks to bend upwards. made up of granite and dolerite

Question 20

What is a Lopolith?

Answer 20

saucer shaped intrusion, often forces sedimentry rocks to bend down. made up of granite.

Question 21

what is a sill?

Answer 21

horizontal intrusion Parelell to rock layers. made up of dolerite.

Question 22

What is a dyke?

Answer 22

Intrusions that cut across the layers of the rock. made up of dolerite.

Question 23

What is a dome?

Answer 23

large rounded dome shaped mountain made up of granite.

Question 24

how is a dome formed?

Answer 24

mechanical weathering exfoliation

Question 25

Explain the term Mechanical weathering exfoliation

Answer 25

A granite batholith forms under ground. the batholith being igneous rock is harder than the surrounding sedimentry layers. the sedimentry layers erode faster exposing the granite dome to the surface. the weight from the overlying sedimentry rock releases pressure on the joints in the granite dome, causing peeling. exfoliation ( heating and cooling) of the rock causes it to peel off along the joints.

Question 26

what is a tor?

Answer 26

large pile of rocks that balance on top of each other

Question 27

How does a tor form?

Answer 27

magma pushes into dome shaped batholith and cools underground. due to depths of batholith the magma cools slowly creating many joints. these joints are attacked by chemical weathering whilst still underground. the joints are widened by continuous chemical weathering as water infiltrates underground creating rounds corestones. softer sedimentry layers are eroded exposing the corestones. the material inbetween corestones is removed by surfce erosion. they develope a pile of rocks balancing on top of each other.