Geomorphology

Question 1

Active Volcano

Answer 1

A volcano that still erupts regularly, in recent times.

Example sentence: Mount Etna in Italy is an active volcano.

Question 2

Extinct Volcano

Answer 2

A volcano that has not erupted in recorded history (in man’s memory) and is unable to erupt again.

Example sentence: The volcano in the national park is considered extinct.

Question 3

Fracture

Answer 3

A fracture in the Earth’s crust, characterised by an uneven crack.

Question 4

Focus

Answer 4

The point underground at which the earthquake originates.

Question 5

Fold mountains

Answer 5

A mountain range formed when rock strata are folded and thrust upwards.

Question 6

Folding

Answer 6

A bending of rocks into folds due to strong compressional forces.

Question 7

Geomorphology

Answer 7

Is the study of the Earth’s surface, its history and the processes that make or form it.

Question 8

Gondwanaland

Answer 8

The southern landmass that existed after Pangaea split.

Question 9

Aftershock / tremor

Answer 9

A smaller quake that occurs after the main earthquake.

Question 10

Fault

Answer 10

A fracture in the earth’s crust

Question 11

Constructive boundary

Answer 11

A zone along which new crust is being formed.

Question 12

Continental Crust/ SIAL

Answer 12

The part of the Earth’s crust that makes up the continents.

Question 13

Continental drift theory

Answer 13

The theory that the continents were once one landmass but drifted apart over time.

Question 14

Convection Currents

Answer 14

A circular movement/ flow of magma in the mantle due to differences in heat (thermally driven).

Question 15

Convergent plate boundary

Answer 15

A zone where two adjacent plates are moving towards each other.

Question 16

Core

Answer 16

The inner-most layer of the Earth.

Question 17

Crater

Answer 17

A bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic activity.

Question 18

Crust

Answer 18

The outer layer of the crust composed of solid rock.

Question 19

Fold mountains

Answer 19

A mountain range formed when rock strata are folded and thrust upwards

Question 20

Geomorphology

Answer 20

The study of the earth’s surface it’s history and the process of how its formed

Question 21

Igneous Rock

Answer 21

Rock formed when magma or lava solidifies.

Question 22

Laurasia

Answer 22

The northern landmass that existed after Pangaea split.

Question 23

Lava

Answer 23

Molten rock that occurs on the Earth’s surface.

Question 24

Deposition

Answer 24

The setting down of eroded material.

Question 25

Magma

Answer 25

Molten rock that occurs beneath the Earth's surface.

Question 26

Magma chamber

Answer 26

A reservoir of magma within the earth's crust beneath a volcano.

Question 27

Mantle

Answer 27

The layer of molten rock around the Earth's core, below the crust.

Question 28

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 28

Rock formed when other rock types are changed by extreme temperature and or pressure.

Question 29

Mid-oceanic ridge

Answer 29

A constructive boundary characterised by an under-sea mountain chain.

Question 30

Moho Plane

Answer 30

The boundary or zone between the Earth's crust and mantle.

Question 31

Oceanic Crust/ SIMA

Answer 31

The part of the earth's crust that lies under the oceans and continents.

Question 32

Pacific Ring of Fire

Answer 32

A collective term given to the plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean.

Question 33

Epicentre

Answer 33

The point on the ground, directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 34

Pangaea

Answer 34

The super continent that existed before the continents split apart.

Question 35

Erosion

Answer 35

The removal and continued breakdown of weathered material.

Question 36

Palaeomagnetism

Answer 36

A branch of science concerned with the magnetism in rocks.

Question 37

Plate boundary

Answer 37

The zone between two adjacent plates.

Question 38

Destructive boundary

Answer 38

A zone along which crust is being destroyed.

Question 39

Divergent plate boundary

Answer 39

A zone along which two adjacent plates are moving apart.

Question 40

Dormant Volcano

Answer 40

A volcano that has not erupted (inactive) in a long time but has shown signs of eruption in recorded history (man's memory).

Question 41

Earthquakes

Answer 41

When a build-up of pressure in the Earth's crust is suddenly released causing the ground to shudder and vibrate.

Question 42

Economic factors

Answer 42

Refers to the factors related to the production, distribution, and use of income, wealth, and commodities (goods).

Question 43

Environmental factors

Answer 43

Refers to the natural (not man-made) environment and habitats of plants and animals.

Question 44

the liquid mantle

Answer 44

Plate Tectonics ## Footnote The theory that explains how the crustal slabs move on

Question 45

A scale that measures the strength of an earthquake

Answer 45

Richter Scale ## Footnote based on the energy of the seismic waves

Question 46

compressed

Answer 46

Sedimentary Rocks ## Footnote Rock formed when eroded material is deposited

Question 47

Sea floor spreading is the formation of fresh areas of oceanic crust which occurs when magma rises at on either side.

Answer 47

Seafloor spreading ## Footnote mid-ocean ridges and subsequently moves outwards

Question 48

of the earthquake

Answer 48

Seismic waves ## Footnote A movement of energy that travels out from the epicentre

Question 49

An instrument used to record seismic waves OR detect the occurrence of an earthquake

Answer 49

Seismograph ## Footnote

Question 50

A scientist that studies earthquakes

Answer 50

Seismologist ## Footnote

Question 51

Refers to the factors that affect the standard of living or lifestyle (the way people live), such as religion, family, or wealth

Answer 51

Social factors ## Footnote

Question 52

Layers of rocks

Answer 52

Strata ## Footnote

Question 53

A zone where one plate is being forced to subside below another

Answer 53

Subduction zone ## Footnote

Question 54

Forces generated from within the Earth's crust that could lead to movement

Answer 54

Tectonic forces ## Footnote

Question 55

A large section of the Earth's crust.

Answer 55

Tectonic plate ## Footnote

Question 56

The movement of weathered material from one place to another.

Answer 56

Transportation ## Footnote

Question 57

A zone along which two adjacent plates are moving past each other.

Answer 57

Transverse plate boundary ## Footnote

Question 58

A seismic sea wave caused by an undersea earthquake or undersea volcanic eruption

Answer 58

Tsunami ## Footnote

Question 59

The process where molten magma from the mantle moves up and through the Earth's crust.

Answer 59

Volcanism ## Footnote

Question 60

A hole or vent in the Earth's crust, created when molten magma is forced up through the crust.

Answer 60

Volcano ## Footnote

Question 61

An opening exposed on the earth's surface where volcanic material is emitted.

Answer 61

Volcanic vent ## Footnote

Question 62

Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano.

Answer 62

Volcanic plug ## Footnote

Question 63

The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces due to exposure to the elements.

Answer 63

Weathering ## Footnote