Geomorphology

Question 0

Landslides

Answer 0

A large mass of land breaks loose and plunges down a slope

Question 1

Rockfalls

Answer 1

Tock fragments fall to the bottom of the slope

Question 2

Mudflow

Answer 2

Streams of mud flow down a steeper slope in definite channels

Question 3

Soil creep

Answer 3

A very slow continuous movement of soil down a slope

Question 4

Solifluction

Answer 4

Top soil becomes saturated and slides on the frozen ground beneath it

Question 5

Earthflow

Answer 5

Occurs when clay soul particles, saturated with water, move down a slope with a fairly gentle gradient

Question 6

Mass movements

Answer 6

Downward movement if weathered materials such as soil, stones and rocks on a slope as a result of the force of gravity

Question 7

Peneplain

Answer 7

A nearly flat plain formed by erosion of slopes in a humid environment

Question 8

Down wasting

Answer 8

Erosion of the land mass in such a way that landforms become lower over time

Question 9

Pediplain

Answer 9

A nearly flat plan formed as canyon floors become wider, usually in an arid environment

Question 10

Back wasting

Answer 10

Erosion of the land mass in such a way that landforms become narrower

Question 11

Parallel retreat

Answer 11

Erosion of a scarp slope causes loss of ground over the whole face of the slope, but no loss of height

Question 12

Sheetflow

Answer 12

Rainwater flows over a slope in a sheet

Question 13

Crest

Answer 13

Small convex slope element at the top if the slope

Question 14

Freeface

Answer 14

Slope element greater than 80* to the horizontal

Question 15

Talus

Answer 15

Slope at the base of a hill consisting of weathered material

Question 16

Scree

Answer 16

Weathered material at the base of the slope

Question 17

Pediment

Answer 17

Slope element with a low angle, concave shape

Question 18

Knickpoint

Answer 18

Sharp change in gradient

Question 19

Endogenic forces

Answer 19

Forces operating deep underground, folding

Question 20

Exogenic forces

Answer 20

Forces operating above the Earth’s surface, erosion and deposition

Question 21

Primary slopes

Answer 21

Slopes formed by crustal forces, faulting

Question 22

Primary erosion slopes

Answer 22

Slopes which have formed from erosion, a gorge eroded by a river

Question 23

Secondary erosion slopes

Answer 23

Primary slopes or primary erosion slopes that have been eroded

Question 24

Tor

Answer 24

Exposed granite blocks made up of core stones

Question 25

Core stones

Answer 25

Granite boulders left after surrounding rock has weathered

Question 26

Granite dome

Answer 26

Landform resulting from erosion of overlying strata to expose a batholith

Question 27

Exfoliation

Answer 27

The peeling off of rock layers due to expansion and contraction

Question 28

Contractual joins

Answer 28

Joints formed when magma cooled

Question 29

Off-loading joints

Answer 29

Joints formed when the weight of overlying material is removed

Question 30

Batholiths

Answer 30

Large dome-shaped intrusions of magma which occur at great depths beneath the Earth's surface

Question 31

Laccoliths

Answer 31

Smaller mushroom-shaped intrusions of magma

Question 32

Lopoliths

Answer 32

Pan or saucer-shaped intrusions

Question 33

Dykes

Answer 33

Vertical sheets of dolerite that form magma

Question 34

Sills

Answer 34

Horizontal layers of dolerite that form magma

Question 35

Poort

Answer 35

Gap between two mountains which has been created by river erosion

Question 36

Cuesta dome

Answer 36

Circular or oval-shaped landform from the erosion of an anticline

Question 37

Cuesta basin

Answer 37

Circular or oval- shaped landform resulting from the erosion of a syncline

Question 38

Cuesta

Answer 38

A ridge with a gentle slope and a scarp slope

Question 39

Hogsback

Answer 39

A ridge with a steep slope and a scarp slope

Question 40

Homoclinal ridge

Answer 40

Ridge formed from inclined strata

Question 41

Homoclinal landscape

Answer 41

A landscape formed of inclined strata that are tilted by the same degree of dip in the same direction

Question 42

Scarp slope

Answer 42

Steep slope of a homoclinal ridge or escarpment

Question 43

Dip slope

Answer 43

Less steep slope of a homoclinal ridge

Question 44

Mass wasting

Answer 44

Movement of eroded material downhill due to gravity

Question 45

Undercutting

Answer 45

Erosion of a rock at the base of a slope with the subsequent collapse of the overhang

Question 46

Homoclinal shifting

Answer 46

Movement of the position of a homoclinal ridge towards the dip slope

Question 47

Chemical weathering

Answer 47

Decomposition of rock due to chemical precessess, often involving water, CO2 and O2

Question 48

Mechanical weathering

Answer 48

The physical break-up of rocks, often due to extremes in temperature

Question 49

Scarp retreat

Answer 49

Erosion of scarp slope causes loss of ground over the whole slope, but no loss of height

Question 50

Pediplain

Answer 50

Large, low-angled plain

Question 51

Conical hills

Answer 51

Small pointed hills

Question 52

Pointed buttes

Answer 52

Narrow hills with a sharp peak at the top

Question 53

Buttes

Answer 53

Flat-topped hills with a greater height than width

Question 54

Mesas

Answer 54

Flat topped table mountains with a greater width than height

Question 55

Cap rock

Answer 55

Horizontal layer of hard, resistant rock at the top of the mountain

Question 56

Tectonic uplift

Answer 56

Rising of land mass due to crustal forces

Question 57

Gullies

Answer 57

Small, narrow, long areas of erosion on a slope

Question 58

Badlands

Answer 58

A landscape with narrow gullies and sharp ridges formed in arid climates

Question 59

Sedimentary rock

Answer 59

Rock formed from the deposition and consolidation of eroded sediments

Question 60

Plateau

Answer 60

Large high-lying area that is relatively flat

Question 61

Igneous rock

Answer 61

Rock formed when magma cools and solidifies

Question 62

Landscapes

Answer 62

Area with a number of landforms

Question 63

Dolerite sill

Answer 63

A horizontal layer of igneous rock that has formed along a bedding plane

Question 64

Lava flow

Answer 64

Lava pours out onto the Earth's surface where it cools and becomes solid

Question 65

Bedding planes

Answer 65

Planes separating layers of rock

Question 66

Stratified rock

Answer 66

Rock composed of layers or strata