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Geosphere Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

How old is the Universe?

A

14 billion years ago

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2
Q

When was the solar system created?

A

4.5 billion years ago

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3
Q

Name the terrestrial planets and their density?

A 
Mercury
Venus
Earth 
Mars
4-5g/cm^3
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4
Q

What are the Jovian planets and density?

A 
Jupiter
Saturn 
Uranus
Neptune
Gassy
0.7 - 2g cm^3
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5
Q

What core is comprised of iron and nickel

A

The core - most dense

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6
Q

What elements do the crust and mantle comprise of?

A

Silicon
Oxygen
Aluminium

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7
Q

History of the Earth - Measure of time in order and magnitude

A
  1. Eon - Billion
  2. Era - 10 million
  3. Period - Million
  4. Epoch - 1000
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8
Q

What mineral is used on ageing the Earth

A

Zircon

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9
Q

Explain how Zircon is formed

A

Tiny crystals that form when magma cools

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10
Q

When did complex life begin and what period

A

500 million during the Cambrian period following the protozoic Era

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11
Q

What Eon are we in ?

A

Phanerzoic Eon

Cenozoic Era
Quaternary period
Holocene Epoch

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12
Q

What Era as we in ?

A

Phanerzoic Eon
#Cenozoic Era
Quaternary period
Holocene Epoch

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13
Q

What Period are we in ?

A

Phanerzoic Eon
Cenozoic Era
#Quaternary period
Holocene Epoch

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14
Q

What Epoch

A

Phanerzoic Eon
Cenozoic Era
Quaternary period
#Holocene Epoch

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15
Q

What is our current timescale address?

A

Phanerozoic Eon
Cenozoic Era
Quaternary Period
Holocene Epoch

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16
Q

When did the dinosaurs appear?

A

250 million years ago

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17
Q

When did life begin and what was the first life ?

A

3.3 billion years ago cynaobacteria

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18
Q

When did the largest mass extinction occur

A

255 million years ago

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19
Q

When did humans appear?

A

200,000 years ago

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20
Q

What happened in the Archean Eon?

A

Cyanobacteria emerged

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21
Q

When was the start of life?

A

3.3 billion years ago

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22
Q

What is stromatolite

A

oldest cyanobacteria

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23
Q

When did complex life begin and what Era and what period?

A

500 million years ago complex life exploded
Phanerozoic Era
Cambrian Period

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24
Q

What Era did dino’s exist

A

Mesozoic

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25
What periods did dino's exist and what time?
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous 250 million years ago
26
What differentiated layer do plates exist?
Crust | Upper mantle
27
What Eon dis multicellular complex life explode?
The Cambrian period following the Proterozoic Eon
28
Did we appear in the | Cenozoic Era, Quaternary Period, Holocene Epoch?
True
29
What is the floating surface of the Earth
Isostasy
30
What are the plates?
Rigid, rocky sheets that "float" on Earth crust an upper mantle
31
What did Alfred Wegener propose in the 1910s?
Continental drift - supported by palaeomagnetism
32
What are the main types of plate boundaries?
1. Divergent 2. Convergent 3. Transform
33
What theory does Paleomagnetism support?
Continental drift
34
True or False | Where you get a plate boudary do you get an earthquake?
True
35
what are the consequences of plate boundaries?
1. Earthquakes 2. Volcanism 3. Mountain Building 4. Biodiversity
36
What is the rocky Lithosphere made from in plate structure?
Crust ad upper solid mantle
37
What does the lithosphere "float" on.?
Asthenosphere liquidy plastic
38
Plate convection process
Hot magma rises, cools and sinks back down
39
What process is it when hot magma rises to the Earths surface, cools then sinks back down?
Convention
40
What is the swapping of the poles
palaeomagnetism
41
Do divergent plates move toward, away or side by side each other?
Away
42
What does are two plated craching into each called?
Convergent
43
What are transform plated
side by side movement
44
Land crust
Continental crust made of granite
45
What is the oceanic crust rock
basalt
46
What are the two types of divergent plate boundaries
1. seafloor spreading | 2. rifting
47
When divergent plate boundaries occur and the magma and rock comes up its always oceanic crust that will form
True - new oceans form | Divergent activity creates new lithosphere
48
Two types of convergent plate
1. Subduction | 2. Collision zone
49
What happens when denser basalt gets sucked under the lighter continental crust?
Subduction zone
50
What zone is responsible for the volcanic formation such as the Andes
subduction zone - as lighter granite continental crust goes under the denser oceanic crust it heats creating volcanic gas
51
Convergent margin - continental hitting continental
Collision Zone -As one is not lighter than the other builds mountains - does make volcano as no sinking to the core to reheat - mountain building
52
Creation of faults and earthquakes
Occurs at the transform plate margin
53
what are the consequences of plate tectonics
1. Earthquakes - all boundaries cause 2. Volcanos - not all boundaries cause 3. Biodiversity
54
What produces a volcano
Subduction
55
What causes the middle of plate earthquakes
energy from convergent plate zones - the build-up of energy
56
Hot-spots
middle of the plate, lithosphere thin and weak - hot magma pushes up and forces its way through
57
What do plate tectonics result in ?
Earthquakes, Volcanism. Mountain-building and Geor-biodiversity from continental drift
58
What plate movement does NOT cause volcanos
Transform and collision
59
Two types of Convergent plate boundaries
Subduction and Collision Zones
60
Most abundant mineral group
Silicates
61
Name the 5 mineral groups
1. Silicates 2. Oxides 3. Carbonates 4. Sulphides 5. Native elements

Earth Systems (1 decks)

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