geosphere final Flashcards by Raegan knotts

This can take thousands to millions of years to move from the core of the Sun into space
*
A photon
A prominence
A solar flare
A Sunspot
Light waves

A photon

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The waves with the lowest energy on the EM Spectrum are
*
Microwave
Gamma Rays
X-rays
Visible Waves
Radio Waves
Infrared
Ultraviolet

Radio Waves

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Loops of gas that extend into the sun’s outer atmosphere but are still connected to the surface of the Sun

Sunspots
Solar flares
Prominences
Coronal Mass Ejections

Prominences

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The largest wavelength on the EM Spectrum is this

Microwave
Gamma Rays
X-rays
Visible Waves
Radio Waves
Infrared
Ultraviolet

Radio Waves

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What is inertia?
*
- It is a state of being that is proportional to an object’s mass (I would have much more inertia than Iva or Skyler.)
- None of the above
- It is a force that is proportional to an object’s mass
- It is the term to describe an object’s change in velocity

It is a state of being that is proportional to an object’s mass (I would have much more inertia than Iva or Skyler.)

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What is the relationship between wavelength and energy?
*
Direct
Inverse
Reciprocal
Proportional

Inverse

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The size measured from one wave’s crest to the other crest is called this
*
wavelegnth
frequency
amplitude
energy

wavelength

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The duality of light explains that light can act like both of these
*
Wave and a line
Particle and a wave
Magnetism and gravity
Electricity and gravity

particle and a wave

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Explosions of the Sun’s plasma that shoots outward from the Sun usually from Sun Spots.
*
Prominences
Sunspots
Solar flares
Coronal Mass Ejections

solar flares

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Photons spend most of their “life” in this portion of the Sun
*
Core
Convection Zone
Radiative Zone
Photosphere
Corona
Chromosphere

Radiative zone

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Enormous and significant releases of plasma and accompanying magnetic field from the solar corona
*

Prominences
Sunspots
Coronal Mass Ejections
Solar flares

Coronal Mass Ejections

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What element does our Sun fuse to make Helium?
*
Hydrogen
Lithium
Carbon
Both Hydrogen and Helium
Helium

Hydrogen

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What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
*

Direct
Inverse
Reciprocal
Proportional

inverse

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What is the correct order of the sun’s layers from the OUTERMOST layer to the core?
*
- Radiative, convection, chromosphere, photosphere corona, core
- core, radiative, convection,photosphere, chromosphere,corona
- corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone, radiative zone, core
- photosphere, chromosphere ,corona, convection zone, radiative zone, core

corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone, radiative zone, core

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All wavelengths of the EM Spectrum can penetrate us at the cellura level is they are high in these two things.
*
- amplitude and wavelength
- energy and amplitude
- frequency and energy
- wavelegnth and frequency

frequency and energy

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The interaction of the solar wind with the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic fields at the North and South Pole create these
*
- The auroras
- Solar Wind
- The plates of the earth
- Weather
- The magnetic North and the magnetic South

the auroras

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speed of light formula

E= mc^2

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What is the relationship between pi, circumference, and diameter, as we discovered in lab?
*
- pi = circumference / diameter
- pi = (circumference)(diameter)
- pi = Circumference + diameter
- pi = mx + b

pi = circumference / diameter

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This measures how tall a wave is or how deep a wave is from its resting point.
*
wavelegnth
frequency
amplitude
energy

amplitude

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energy

What happens to the speed of light when it travels from a gas through a liquid?
*
- It speeds up
- It slows down
- It is dispersed
- It is refreacted then reflected
- It is scattered

it slows down

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This measures how many waves pass a given point during a period of time. It is measured in Hertz.
*
wavelegnth
frequency
amplitude
energy

frequency

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Seatbelts respresent which of Newtons Laws of Motion and why?

None of these exaplantions are correct
All of these could apply
We buckle our seatbelts because the force of the car is equal to our mass x the acceleration of the car
We buckle our seatbelts because an object in motion stays in motion (our body in a moving car) unless acted upon by an outside force (seatbelt)
We buckle our seatbelts because for every action there is an equalt (the seatbelt) and opposite reaction (a collision)

We buckle our seatbelts because an object in motion stays in motion (our body in a moving car) unless acted upon by an outside force (seatbelt)

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The only wavelengths the human eye can see without help are these
*

Microwave
Gamma Rays
X-rays
Visible Waves
Radio Waves
Infrared
Ultraviolet

visible waves

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A dinosaur pushing on the ground and the ground is pushing on the dinosaur. Which law?

Newtons Third Law

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What is nuclear fusion in stars? * - The combination of lighter elements to create heavier elements - The separation of lighter elements to create heavier elements - The separation of heavier elements to create lighter elements - All of these are possible in nature

The combination of lighter elements to create heavier elements

What color of light would have the highest frequency and the highest energy? * White Blue Yellow Orange Red Green Violet

Violet

Photons move from areas of high pressure and high temperatures to these areas * - Areas of higher pressure and higher temperatures - Areas of lower pressure and higher temperatures - Areas of lower temperatures and lower pressures - Areas of lower magnetic resistance - Areas of higher magnetic resistance

Areas of lower temperatures and lower pressures

These are regions of reduced surface temperature on the Sun caused by concentrations of magnetic field fluctuations * Coronal Mass Ejections Sunspots Prominences Solar flares

Sunspots

This layer of the Sun appears red because electrons are in the excited state and emit energy near the red part of visible light spectrum. * Core Convection Zone Radiative Zone Photosphere Corona Chromosphere

chromosphere

The game of pool represents which law of motion - The second ball moves because for every action there is an equal (equal to the Force of of the cue ball) and opposite reaction (opposite from the side that the cue ball hit) - All of these could apply - We hit the cue ball which in turn hits the other ball causing motion an object in motion stays in motion (the cue ball) unless acted upon by an outside force (the cue ball hitting the next bass and coming to a stop) - The force at which the cue ball hits the other ball is based of the mass of the cue ball times the acceleration of the cue ball - None of these could apply

All of these apply

The waves with the highest energy on the EM Spectrum are * Microwave Gamma Rays X-rays Visible Waves Radio Waves Infrared Ultraviolet

gamma rays

It takes this 8 minutes to reach the Earth * A photon from the Sun A prominence from the Sun A solar flare A Sunspot

a photon from the sun

What is the relationship between frequency and energy? * Direct Inverse Reciprocal Proportional

direct

The Parliamentary committee assembled to respond to the problem of longitude relied on which two experts? (from Chapter 6: The Prize) * Newton and Halley. Ptolomy and Jupiter. Whiston and Ditton. Flamsteed and Thacker

Newton and Halley

Why do the phases of the moon change? * - The tilt of the Sun's rays during different times of the year causes us to see differnt angles of light - The 5% tilt of the Moon's orbit and our position on Earth cause us to see differnt angles of light - The tilt of the Earth and our position on the Northern Hemisphere cause us to see differnt angles of light - The shadow of the Earth changes on the surface of the Moon during different times of the month

The 5% tilt of the Moon's orbit and our position on Earth cause us to see different angles of light

What has a stronger effect on our tides and why? * The Sun because its gravity is stronger than the Moon or the Earth's The Sun and the Moon have equal gravity and are stronger than the Earth The Earth because it is the planet that has the oceans The Moon because even though it has less gravity it is closer to the Earth Chuck Norris, because the oceans simply try to get away from him

The Moon because even though it has less gravity it is closer to the Earth

Why would a box of matches be useless on the Moon? * On the light side of the Moon, it is so bright that you cannot see a lit match On the dark side of the Moon, it is so cold, a match will not light Both the light side and dark side of the Moon answers are correct There is no oxygen anywhere in outer space The Moon's gravity is too weak to trap gases needed to light a match

The Moon's gravity is too weak to trap gases needed to light a match

What type of minerals are on the Moon's surface that make the reflection of light so bright? * Basaltic Minerals Iron-rich minerals Silicate minerals All of these minerals cause the Moon to reflect light brightly

Silicate minerals

The first bit of actual evidence brought up in the "Did We Really Go to the Moon" video is the lack of stars in the pictures taken by the Apollo astronauts from the surface of the Moon. Without air, the sky is black, so where are the stars? * The cameras don't capture stars because stars are too faint to be seen on regular cameras They are not visible at the time the astronauts took the pictures because it was daytime There is no air on the Moon, so we can't see them That is a really good question!

The cameras don't capture stars because stars are too faint to be seen on regular cameras

You are having a late dinner with a friend at 9pm. You notice a moon beginning to rise on the horizon. What phase would rise at 9pm? * 1st Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous 3rd Quarter Waning Crescent Waxing Crescent

Waning Gibbous

Asteroid impacts caused what features on the Moon? * Craters Maria Regolith Highlands Rilles

craters

One rotation of the Moon on its axis lasts how long? * 27.3 days It depends on the phase of the Moon 365.25 days 24 hours

27.3 days

One revolution on the Moon around the Earth lasts how long? * It depends on the phase of the Moon 27.3 days 365.25 days 24 hours

27.3 days

Which of the following hypotheses states the Moon was actually a “wandering planet” and was captured by Earth’s gravity? * Sister Hypothesis Capture Hypothesis Daughter Hypothesis Giant Impact Hypothesis

Capture Hypothesis

Which of the following hypotheses states that the Moon formed from the same swirling glob of space dust and gases, co-accreting with the Earth. * Capture Hypothesis Sister Hypothesis Daughter Hypothesis Giant Impact Hypothesis

sister hypothesis

Which moon phase is highest in the sky at 3pm in the afternoon? * Waxing Crescent Waning Crescent Full Moon Waning Gibbous Waxing Gibbous 3rd Quarter 1st Quarter

Waxing crescent

When children conduct observations using their five senses, they are developing what? * Their science data skills Their science process skills Their different senses in the brain Their science attitudes

science process skills

Harrison's clock (H-1) was an incredible invention that helped the ship's captain know where they were at sea during the first try-out. Why was Harrison not happy with that voyage? * - He was constantly seasick - All of these - He no longer wanted to compete for the prize money because of the greed of the others - He complained that he could improve the clock for future sailors

all of these

What phase of the moon occurs when it is fully lit?

Full moon

When the moon formed, the heavier elements like manganese sank into the core while the less dense elements rose to the crust. This process is known as what? * Differentiation Co-accretion Elemental Plasticity Scattering

differentiation

Moon's orbit is tilted and the Moon is usually outside Earth shadow. This prevents what from happening? * - An annular eclipse each month - A lunar eclipse each month - The shadow of the Sun on the Moon each month - All of these answers are correct

a lunar eclipse

When the Earth comes between the sun and moon and casts a shadow on the moon, what kind of an eclipse are you seeing? * A solar eclipse A total solar eclipse An occular eclipse A lunar eclipse An annular eclipse

lunar eclipse

What lunar feature the dust and soil on the Moon's surface? * Mare Regolith Highland Rilles

regolith

Why did Harrison build his first clocks of wood? * Harrison was poor and could not afford the metal of normal pendulum clocks They would keep better time than those made of metal They would not rust in the damp ocean conditions He was still an apprentice and was not provided metal until he was older

They would not rust in the damp ocean conditions

Which of the following hypotheses states that the Moon was originally part of the Earth that was ejected due to the speed of the early molten Earth's rotation? * Capture Hypothesis Daughter Hypothesis Sister Hypothesis Giant Impact Hypothesis

daughter hypothesis

What lunar feature is a dark-colored plain formed from lava? * Mare Highland Regolith Rilles

mare

What role did the Board of Longitude play? (Ch 6 - The Prize) * Unite angered seamen around the longitude prolem. Test the various proposals to the solution to longitude. Provided funding for research to solve the longitude problem. Bring an international committee to review the longitude problem.

Provided funding for research to solve the longitude problem.

Why is there no atmosphere on the moon? * The moon's gravity is too weak to hold gases on the surface of the moon The solar winds are too violent to allow gases on the surface of the moon The gravity of the Earth prevents gases from surrounding the moon The moon does not have a magnetic field to hold gases on the surface of the moon

The moon's gravity is too weak to hold gases on the surface of the moon

Why were so many sailors blind in one eye before the discovery of finding longitude at sea? * The only way to navigate would be to stare at the Sun to find their path Sailors would use the Powder of Sympathy which often caused blindness So many ships would get lost, sailors would go blind due to malnutrition They would often develop scurvy of the mouth due to lack of vitamin C which would cause blindness

The only way to navigate would be to stare at the Sun to find their path

How do we know that each line of longitude equals 15 degrees? * There are 360 degrees in a sphere, 24 hours in a day, and every 15 degrees is an hour Because that is the distance between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn There are 15 degrees in a sphere and 24 hours in each line of longitude Because that is the distace between the equator and the Tropic of Cancer None of these options explains the relationship between time and longitude.

There are 360 degrees in a sphere, 24 hours in a day, and every 15 degrees is an hour

If California is three hours behind us, how many degrees longitude are they? * 45 15 180 30

Another Moon hoax question...When the astronauts are assembling the American flag, the flag waves. Kaysing says this must have been from an breeze, and there is NO wind on the Moon. A flag wouldn't wave in a vacuum. Why did the flag actually wave? * There are small breezes from the Solar winds. The astronauts tied a string to the edge of the flag to make it appear to be waving for the audience back on the Earth When the astronauts planted the flag and twisted it, the top will move first, then the cloth will follow along in a wave that moves down. This isn't air that is moving the flag, it's the cloth itself. This was simply a camera problem, the flag did not actually wave on the Moon

When the astronauts planted the flag and twisted it, the top will move first, then the cloth will follow along in a wave that moves down. This isn't air that is moving the flag, it's the cloth itself.

You get up early for work and notice a moon phase setting at 6am. Which phase is it? * Full Moon Waning Crescent Waxing Crescent Waning Gibbous 1st Quarter 3rd Quarter Waxing Gibbous

full moon

The main line of longitude is the Prime Meridian. On the other side of the Earth, we have the International Date Line. If we know they are 180 degrees apart, how many hours apart are they? * 2700 24 15 12

You are an astronaut on the Moon. You find round, enormous, deep valleys surrounded by highlands on the moon's surface as you are exploring. What have you found? * Impact craters Highlands Maria Rilles

rilles

The light from the Sun makes the Moon light up. What light interaction causes this? * Scattering Refraction Absorption Reflection

reflection

Which of the following hypotheses states that the Moon formed from the Earth due to a collision with Mars-sized planet called Theia? * Capture Hypothesis Giant Impact Hypothesis Sister Hypothesis Daughter Hypothesis

giant impact

The Longitude Act issued in the reign of Queen Anne on July 8, 1714, did which of the following? * - Offered huge amounts of money for the discovery - All of these - did not favor one approach over another when trying to figure out how to find longitude - incorporated Sir Isaac Newton’s testimony in its official report

all of these

The relationship between Mass and Gravitational Pull is direct. Which of the following is true based on this relationship? * - None of these are correct The Moon's gravity is stronger than the Earth's because it causes the tides Jupiter has the smallest gravitational pull of the planets The Earth's gravity is stronger than the Moon's gravity All of these are correct

The Earth's gravity is stronger than the Moon's gravity

What does it mean if a stars spectrum is red shifted? It means the star is staying the same distance from Earth. It means the star is moving away from the Earth. It means the star is getting closer to Earth. It doesn't mean anything.

It means the star is moving away from the earth

Which theory states that the universe began as a small, dense point called the singularity? The Flat Universe Theory The Aristotle Theory The Big Bang Theory The Steady Expansion Theory

the big bang theory

Which of the following events are in the correct order from oldest event to most recent? Solar System, Universe expansion, Sun, Galaxies Universe expansion, Hubble telescope, planets, stars, particles planets, solar system, Jupiter, Supernova Universe expansion, particles, stars, galaxies, solar system

Universe expansion, particles, stars, galaxies, solar system

which evidence does not support the big bang theory? Cosmic Background Radiation Composition of meteorites Doppler Effect Red shift of distant galaxies

composition of meteorites

If a star's spectral lines are blue shifted it means? That the star is getting closer to Earth Moving parallel to the Earth That the star is getting farther away from Earth That the star is going to explode

That the star is getting closer to Earth

A common characteristic in galaxies spectra that they are moving away from Earth is... They are Blue Shifted They are Red Shifted They are not shifted They are lining up

red shifted

Which of the following information can NOT be gained from studying the spectra of stars? Their composition Their movement The number of planets around them Their temperature

number of planets around them

Why is the Big Bang Theory the most accepted theory of how the universe was formed? It is a combination of religious and scientific facts. It isn't really a theory. It is a mathematical theory. It is the best explanation based on current scientific data.

It is the best explanation based on current scientific data.

According to evidence that supports the Big Bang theory, scientists believe the universe is 21 years old 47.5 million years old 13.7 billion years old 7 trillion years old

13.7 billion years old

A change in frequency or wavelength due to a moving source of sound waves is due to the Blue Shift Doppler Effect Hubble Model Spectroscopy

Doppler Effect

Which of the following happened first? Only light energy existed Modern man appeared Gas strated to collect and stars and galaxies forms the dinosaurs went extinct

Only light energy existed

Which wavelength of visible light has the lowest frequency. Yellow Red Violet Blue

red

Which wavelength of visible light has the highest frequency. Green Red Yellow Blue

blue

What is a doppler shift The shift to a different wavelength of light or sound When two states shift A copy of a person from a different Earth When cold air goes on top and warm goes below

The shift to a different wavelength of light or sound

Everything on Earth is made from elements that came from The Sun A supernova from a giant star A black hole The Big Bang

A supernova from a giant

According to the book Longitude, lines of latitude are called parallels. Lines of longitude are called * Spheroids ellipses Oblates meridians

meridians

The time it takes the Earth to revolve around the sun is approximately * 23 hrs 56 minutes 365.25 days It depends on your position on the Earth 364 days

365.25 days

According to the book, Galileo was the first scientist to turn the telescope to the heavens. What did he discover? * D. Longitude for sailors B. Rings of Saturn C. Spots on the Sun A. Mountains on the Moon All of these are correct Only A, B, and C are correct

Only A, B, and C are correct

I love to take students outside to make observations about the world around them. Which of the following would be an observation made by an elementary student? * A description of the way the air feels on their face All of these are observations an elementary child could make The colors of the leaves on the trees How a raindrop tastes on their tongue The way the outdoors smell to the student

all

During the summer in the Northern Hemisphere, at what point are we from the Sun? * Perigee Perihelion Aphelion Apogee

Aphelion

Eratosthenes’ calculations done in the wells of Syene and North Alexandria were used to determine * Polar circumference of the Earth the true length of a day the true length of a year the precise distance between the two cities

Polar circumference of the Earth

Calculate the number of hours in two years - please use the exact number of days in a year without rounding it to 365. * 17532 hr 8760 hr 8766 hr 17520 hr

17532 hr

Right now, our North Star is Polaris. Which of the following movements of the Earth will eventually cause Vega to be the Earth's North Star? * Revolution All of these are correct Rotation Precession Chandler's Wobble

Precession

When the Northern Hemisphere is pointed toward the Sun, what season are we in? * Summer Spring Fall Winter

summer

Newton described the way gravity worked throughout the entire universe. He described gravity as universal. He also described it as this force of gravitational attraction is directly dependent upon the masses of both objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates their centers. This description of gravity is Newton's what? * Newton's Theory of Gravitation Newton's Hypothesis of Gravitation Newton's Law of Gravitation. None of these

Newton's Law of Gravitation.

Which of the following would occur if the Earth ceased to rotate as it revolved around the Sun? * half of the Earth would only see dark and the other half day all year round the year would be twice as long an earth day would equal a year we would experience seasons at different times

an earth day would equal a year

The measured weight of an object is slightly less at the equator than it is the poles. Why? * The Earth bulges at the Poles and is flattened at the Equator putting us further away from the center of gravity The Earth is a perfect sphere and this is caused by shifts in magnetism at the Poles The Earth bulges at the Equator and is flattened at the Poles putting us further away from the center of gravity The Earth is a sphere and this is caused by shifts in gravity at the Poles

The Earth bulges at the Equator and is flattened at the Poles putting us further away from the center of gravity

The amount of space an object takes up would be represented by which unit? * meter (m) liter (L) kilogram (kg) Newton (N)

liter

Which of the following is NOT an SI (metric) unit we use in lab? * meter gram milliliter Newton degree Farenheit

degree Farenheit

Here are the eccentricities of three planets as they orbit the Sun: Mercury = 0.206 Venus = 0.007 and Earth =0.017. Please puth these planets in order from MOST eccentric to LEAST eccentric. * Venus, Earth, Mercury Venus, Mercury, Earth Earth, Mercury, Venus Mercury, Venus, Earth Mercury, Earth, Venus

Mercury, Earth, Venus

Before longitude was discovered, what were the biggest dangers to sailors on the open oceans? * All of these answers are correct None of these are correct Death because the sailors became lost at sea Being shipwrecked because they weren't able to tell how far east or west they had traveled Malnutrition or scurvy if they ran out of food because they got lost

all

During the winter in the Northern Hemisphere, at what point are we from the Sun? * Aphelion Perigee Apogee Perihelion

Perihelion

According to the book "Longitude" (as well as the scientific community,) the hard-core difference between latitude and longitude is this: * The direction of the lines is truly the only difference needed by adults and children alike Latitude helped travelers on land while longitude would help those who sailed on the seas The zero-degree parallel of latitude is fixed by the laws of nature, while the zero-degree meridian of longitude could shift Latitude is necessary for all sailors, but longitude was simply a puzzle to be solve

The zero-degree parallel of latitude is fixed by the laws of nature, while the zero-degree meridian of longitude could shift

You have a typical metric ruler like we used in lab and are asked to measure your test paper’s width in centimeters. Which of the following would be the correct number of places to express this measurement? (Remember the uncertain digit) * 21.61 cm 21.6 cm 21 cm 20 cm

21.61 cm

Which of the following measures is larger in the metric system? * 15,055,500 mm 150 hm 150,500 m 150 km

150,500 m

How many mm are there in one kilometer? * 1,000,000 millimeters 1000 millimeters 10,000 millimeters 100,000 millimeters

1,000,000 millimeters

We see the Sun in West Virginia three hours before people in California see the Sun. Why is that? * The Earth precesses in an easterly and westerly direction The Sun revolves in a counterclockwise motion The Earth revolves in a counterclockwise motion The Earth rotates from the West to the East

The Earth rotates from the West to the East

In the search for longitude, people finally realized they would need what to solve the problem? * The position of stars during the day Time on land as well as time at sea The relationship between the Sun, Earth, Moon, and the tides The position of Moon at all times

Time on land as well as time at sea

Although some people believed the Earth was flat, what is the true shape of the Earth? * Elliptical Oblate Spheroid Eccentric Circle Perfect Sphere

Oblate Spheroid

Which of the following would occur if the Earth’s rotation were twice as fast? * our seasons would occur more quickly the day would be twice as long the day would be half as long A year would only have half the number of days in it

the day would be half as long

Which of the following pieces of laboratory equipment would be used to measure an objects weight? * scale digital balance graduated cylinder quad beam balance

scale

What did you use the astrolabe for in your moon journal? * To measure the angle of elevation of the moon from the horizon To estimate the phase of the moon based on its angle in the sky To estimate the angle of elevation of the Sun when seeing the reflection of light on the Moon To measure the angle of elevation of the moon from the North Star

To measure the angle of elevation of the moon from the horizon

We saw true science at work during the pandemic. Scientists were gathering data and reporting the best information to us at the time. However, as the data changed, so did the suggestions scientists gave to the public. Which part of the Nature of Science does this represent? * Scientific Laws are different from Scientific Theories Science is reliable, yet tentative Science is a social and culturally embedded process Science is a creative endeavor

Science is reliable, yet tentative

If a train leaves Fairmont at 1:00 pm and arrives at a destination 50 kilometers west at 3:00 pm. What was its average velocity? * 50 mi/h 50 km/h 25 km/h 17.3 km/h

25 km/h

I see a woman talking on the phone with a diaper in her hand, a stain on her shirt, hair pulled up in a messy bun, with dark circles under her eyes. I write down "This woman is a mother." What PROCESS of science am I using? * Theories and Laws Data collection and Conclusion Hypothesis and Conclusion Observations and Inference

Observations and Inference

The amount of matter in an object would be represented by which unit? * 5 points kilogram (kg) liter (L) Newton (N) meter (m)

kilogram

A traveler in WV heading up to Canada travels for ten hr and covers a distance of 1,200km. What is her average speed for her journey? * 12 hours 120 km/hr 12,000 km/hr 12,000 km

120 km/hr

geosphere final Flashcards

(116 cards)