Germ Theory

Question 1

Name 4 parts of Bacteria Phage virus from top to bottom

Answer 1

Capsid, Nucleic Acid (in capsid), Tail, Tail fibers

Question 2

What is the capsid made from in virus

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

What is in the capsid of virus

Answer 3

Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)

Question 4

What part of virus attaches to the host to allow injection

Answer 4

Tail fibers or spikes

Question 5

what two things are viruses made up of

Answer 5

capsid (protein coating) and Nucleic Acid

Question 6

What do virus’s need to reproduce

Answer 6

a host cell

Question 7

what do we use to see virus’s

Answer 7

electron microscope

Question 8

what is a virus that invades a bacteria

Answer 8

bacteriophage

Question 9

are virus’s made up of cells

Answer 9

no

Question 10

can virus’s reproduce

Answer 10

yes; only with host

Question 11

can virus’s grow and develope

Answer 11

no

Question 12

can virus’s obtain and use energy

Answer 12

no

Question 13

Do virus’s respond to the environment

Answer 13

no

Question 14

Do virus’s have universal genetic code

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

can virus’s maintain homeostasis

Answer 15

no

Question 16

do virus’s evolve

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

are virus’s living

Answer 17

no

Question 18

what are two main cycles of viral infections

Answer 18

Lytic and Lysogenic

Question 19

List Lytic cycle in order

Answer 19

Attach to host cells, Bind to receptors, Injects nucleic material, Virus directs host to use its resources to reproduce cell parts, when directed/activated they assemble, lyse and escape the host

Question 20

List Lysogenic cycle in order

Answer 20

Attach to host cells, Bind to receptors, Injects nucleic material, material binds and hides in host’s genetic material, as cell reproduces virus material is too, when directed/activated they assemble, lyse and escape the many hosts.

Question 22

Name at least two virus’s that effect humans

Answer 22

Cold, flu, hepatitis, HIV, pneumonia, rabis

Question 23

Name at least two virus’s that effect plants

Answer 23

Tobacco mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Apple mosaic virus

Question 24

Name at least two virus’s that effect animals

Answer 24

rabis, pneumonia, brain wasting diseases, mad cow disease

Question 25

How are virus's treated

Answer 25

NOT treated with antibiotics but is symptoms based

Question 26

How are virus's prevented

Answer 26

hand washing, proper sanitation, vaccines

Question 27

what are viroids

Answer 27

effects only plants, viruses, potato tuber spindle disease, RNA

Question 28

What are Prions

Answer 28

effects animals, protein (not DNA/RNA), from sobemoviruses family

Question 29

Prion defintion

Answer 29

an infectious particle

Question 30

Virion definition

Answer 30

a long strand of RNA that self-reproduces

Question 31

Two Kingdoms of Bacteria

Answer 31

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Question 32

What are Archaebacteria

Answer 32

Live is harsh environment, cell wall has no peptidoglycan, bacteria

Question 33

Four examples of Eubacteria

Answer 33

Gram + Gram - (often make sick) E coli (type of gram -) Cyanobacteria

Question 34

what is a Eubacteria

Answer 34

Everywhere, ubiquitous, cell wall has peptidoglycan

Question 35

Four examples of Archaebacteria

Answer 35

Chemosynthesizer (seas bottom) Extreme Halophile (Super salty) Methanogen (make methane) Thermoacidophiles (acid/ heat)

Question 36

List three shapes of bacteria

Answer 36

Bacillus (Rod) Coccus (Sphere) Spirilla (spiral)

Question 37

How do bacteria move

Answer 37

flagella

Question 38

two examples of Coccus bacteria

Answer 38

MRSA, sore throat (strept)

Question 39

two examples of Spiralis bacteria

Answer 39

poliphilus, Stomach ulcers, Syphilis

Question 40

Heterotroph definition

Answer 40

Consume carbohydrates

Question 41

Autotroph definition

Answer 41

Make carbohydrates

Question 42

Heterotroph examples

Answer 42

Animals, Photoheterotrophs, Chemoheterotrophs

Question 43

Photoheterotroph definition

Answer 43

needs sunlight for energy but must consume things for carbon

Question 44

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 44

need consumption for all functions (people)

Question 45

Examples of Autotrophs

Answer 45

plants, Chemoautotrophs, Photoautotroph

Question 46

Chemoautotroph

Answer 46

Chemicals used for energy and carbon

Question 47

Photoautotroph

Answer 47

Sun used for all functions

Question 48

Obligate aerobe bacteria

Answer 48

Need oxygen to live

Question 49

Obligate anaerobe bacteria

Answer 49

Can not be around oxygen

Question 50

Facultative anaerobic bacteria

Answer 50

Can live with or without oxygen

Question 51

How do bacteria reproduce

Answer 51

Binary fision

Question 52

Generation time definition

Answer 52

Time for bacteria to reproduce or double population

Question 53

generation time for E coli

Answer 53

20 minutes

Question 54

Steps of Binary fission

Answer 54

Cell elongates, Nucleic Acid is duplicated, Cell wall starts growing in, cell wall and membrane gro all the way through cell, cell splits

Question 55

What is conjugation

Answer 55

genetic material is shared through genes between organisms

Question 56

how does conjugation result in increased genetic diversity

Answer 56

Genes are shared

Question 57

What environmental conditions lead to formation of endospores

Answer 57

Nutrient depletion, environmental stress

Question 58

What are endospores

Answer 58

a "sac-like" thing that allows bacteria to remain dormant until correct conditions

Question 59

Are these bacteria or virus: cold, tooth decay, strep throat, influenza (flu)

Answer 59

Cold- virus Tooth decay- bacteria strep throat- bacteria influenza- virus

Question 60

Are bacteria prokaryote for eukaryote

Answer 60

Prokayotic

Question 61

Antibiotics only work on...

Answer 61

Bacteria

Question 62

What are three helpful functions of bacteria

Answer 62

fixing nitrogen, making food (yogurt/ cheese), make vitamins (K)

Question 63

What is Koch's postulate

Answer 63

1) the bacteria must be present in every case of the disease and must not be present in a healthy organism 2) the bacteria need to be extracted from the host and grown in pure culture and identified 3) the bacteria are inoculated back into a healthy host and must then cause the onset of the disease 4) the bacteria must be extracted from the inoculated host and grown in pure culture to be identified as the original causative agent.

Question 64

What is germ theorem

Answer 64

infectious disease caused by microorganisms too small to see without a microscope

Question 65

What is the miasma theory

Answer 65

Old outdated theory saying that disease was caused by bad smells

Question 66

How has Koch impacted what we know today

Answer 66

Laid foundation for medical treatments and discoveries were made

Question 67

Pasteur's experiments effected disease knowledge

Answer 67

Better sanitation practices because he says microorganisms cause disease

Question 68

Three methods to transmit disease

Answer 68

Contact, Droplet, Airborne