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Germany 1918-1945 Flashcards

2 Hilp rezyve fur mi hiestoori ecsim. (73 cards)

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1
Q

Who was Ludwig Muller?

A

Bishop of the Reich church

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2
Q

When did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?

A

30th January 1933

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3
Q

When was the Enabling Act?

A

23rd march 1933

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4
Q

What policy did Hitler make in 1928 regarding farm land?

A

Land owned by Jews would be confiscated by the Nazis

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5
Q

When did the DAP become the NSDAP?

A

1920

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6
Q

What was protective arrest and how many people were under the scheme in 1939?

A

It was people suspected of being against Hitler or the third Reich, 100,000 in prison

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7
Q

When did the NSDAP become the largest party in the Reichstag?

A

July 1932

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8
Q

When, why and what happened at the November election?

A

in 1932, called by Hindenburg to try to decrease power of the Nazis. Nazis lost seats but remained largest party and so Von Papen resigned.

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9
Q

What did KDF stand for?

A

Strength Through Joy

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10
Q

What did KDF try to achieve?

A

Developed in 1933, encouraged employers to provide leisure activities to employees. Aimed to create a sense of happiness through working, encouraging harder and more effective worker, building a stronger economy.

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11
Q

When was ‘Night of long knives’?

A

June 30th-2nd July 1934

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12
Q

How did Hitler control local governments?

A

1934 he destroyed local governing bodies and appointed Nazi governors to replace them.

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13
Q

When was Kristallnacht (night of the broken glass)?

A

9-10th November 1938

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14
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th February 1933

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15
Q

What was organised to confirm Hitler’s position as Fuhrer in 1934?

A

August 2nd 1934, A vote was organised, Hitler won 90% of the vote.

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16
Q

When did Hindenburg die?

A

August 2nd 1934

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17
Q

What did boys have to attend aged 10 in Nazi Germany?

A

German youth, then aged 14 joined Hitler youth. At age 18 did 6 months of labour service before being conscripted to the army.

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18
Q

What was the SDA?

A

Developed in 1934, ensured workplace was safe and healthy for workers.

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19
Q

What was Hitler’s 4 year plan?

A

1936 Hitler wanted Germany to be self sustaining (Autarky) and able to mobilise a strong military

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20
Q

How did the Nazi party gain support from women and children during the late 1920s?

A

Propaganda specifically aimed at women promoting essentials of good families to help strengthen the country.

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21
Q

When was the Weimer government declared?

A

February 1919

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22
Q

What were the parts of the Weimar Constitution that made Germany the most democratic country in the world?

A

women over 20 had the vote, bill of rights, elected president and Reichstag,

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23
Q

What were the problems with the Weimar Constitution?

A

Proportional representation,
Parties allocated seat proportional to amount of votes. This made making decisions hard.
Article 48, in an emergency the president didn’t need to consolidate the Reichstag before making a decision.
Freedom of speech meant that it was easy for extremist parties to criticise the government

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24
Q

When was the Kapp putsch?

A

March 1920

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25
How many government politicians were assassinated by nationalist terror groups?
356
26
When was the Spartacist uprising?
January 1919 50,000 Spartacists rebelled
27
Who led the Sparacists?
Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Leibknecht
28
When was the invasion of the Ruhr?
1923
29
What crises took place in 1923?
Invasion of the Ruhr Hyperinflation Munich Putsch
30
What was the Nazi 25 point programme?
Lebensraum, need for living space for Germany to expand. A strong Germany, treaty of Versailles should be abolished and all German speaking people united in one country. Fuhrer, idea that there should be one great leader instead of a democracy. Autarky, idea Germany should be self sufficient. Get rid of communists and Jews. Social Darwinism, Aryan race was supreme and Jews were sub-human.
31
What forms of propaganda did the Nazis used in the 1920s?
radio, mass rallies, newspapers (eg 'Der Sturmer'), Hitler's speeches, and posters.
32
When was the Munich putsch?
8-9th November 1923
33
Who did Hitler plot the Munich putsch with?
General Ludendorff Ernst Rohm Kahr and Lossow
34
When was the Munich Putsch 'called off'?
4th October 1923
35
How many supporters did the Nazis have in 1923?
55,000
36
What happened to the Nazi's when Hitler went to prison?
Nazi party was banned, Hitler prevented from public speaking until 1927
37
What were the constitutional means Hitler used to come to power?
Hitler youth, Propaganda, Merge with other right wing parties, local branches of the party, SS as personal body guards
38
When was the SS set up?
4th April 1925
39
When did Hitler abolish trade unions?
2nd may 1933
40
When and what was the concordat?
Signed 20th June 1933, allows hitler to take political power as long as he leaves the Catholic Church alone.
41
When did Hitler ban all political parties?
14th July 1933
42
What and when was the peoples court set up?
24th April 1934, court in which judges had to swear loyalty to Hitler.
43
When and what happened in the general election?
5th march 1933, 44% of population vote for the Nazis winning them 288 seats in the Reichstag.
44
When did Hitler officially become Fuhrer?
19th August 1934
45
What did Hitler set up to control German workers?
German Labour Front (DAF)
46
What did Gustav Stresemann to stabalise the Reichstag?
1923 set up 'great coalition', this brought together the pro-democratic parties in the Reichstag allowing decisions to finally be made.
47
When was Germany allowed to join the league of nations?
1926
48
What did stresemann do to help ordinary people?
Introduced to reforms to help ordinary people such as job centres unemployment pay and better housing.
49
What was the Dawes plan?
Named after Charles Dawes the American budget director. | 1923 allowed Germany longer to pay back reparations and gave them a loan of 800 million gold marks.
50
Was the Weimar Republic stable during 1923-1929?
Great coalition collapsed before end of 1923. Nationalists and fascists still had seats and we're waiting for opportunity. Everything depended on American money.
51
When was the wall street crash?
1929
52
During the economic depression, what were the unemployment figures?
6 million
53
How many seats did the Nazis have in 1928?
12
54
How did Hitler control religion in Nazi Germany?
Non-Nazi Catholic priests and Protestant pastors such as Martin Niemöller and Dietrich Bonhöffer were sent to concentration camps. Jews and Jehovah's Witnesses were openly persecuted. Hitler set up a state Reich Church, which banned the Bible and the cross. Nazis encouraged people to revive the old Viking myths and ceremonies.
55
What did girls have to attend in Nazi Germany?
The BDM, indoctrinated girls and prepared them for church, children and cooking.
56
What was the 'law for the encouragement of marriage'?
Gave newly weds a loan of 1,000 marks and could keep 250 marks for each child they had.
57
How did the pope appose Hitler?
1937 sent out message of 'burning concern' criticising Hitler.
58
What was was the white rose group?
Formed in munich university by students, sent out anti-Nazi leaflets. Discovered and executed in 1943
59
What was the Reichsbanner?
paramilitary wing of the social democratic party, sabotaged railway lines and acted as spies.
60
Who were the Eddelweis pirates (swing groups)?
Young people who rejected Nazi views, drank and listened to jazz. They daubed anti-Nazi slogans, sheltered deserters and beat up Nazi officials. 1944 in cologne killed Gestapo chief so Nazis executed 12 of them.
61
What was the confessional church
Set up by Martin niemoller in opposition to the Reich church. Niemöller was held in a concentration camp during the period 1937-1945. Another Protestant pastor, Dietrich Bonhöffer, took part in the 1944 bomb plot and was executed.
62
What was the Kreisau circle?
1944, group of army officers and intellectuals tried to kill Hitler, bomb planted by Colonel Stauffenberg. In retaliation 5000 people killed.
63
Who is Von Galon?
archbishop of munster, successfully campaigned against euthanasia of mentally disabled people.
64
When was the Treaty of Versailles?
28th June 1919
65
When was the Kiel Mutiny?
3rd November 1918
66
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that affected Army?
Not allowed air force or subs Navy reduced to 6 battleships and only 15,000 sailors Army reduced to 100,000 troops Demilitarisation of the Rhineland
67
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that affected Land?
Land- Alsace and Lorraine=>France, Saarland (Indutrial Area). Posen and West Prussia to Poland (Polish Corridor) Eupen Malmedy given to Belgium Germany lost all overseas colonies
68
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that affected Money?
Germany had to pay £6.6bn in reparations for damage caused in the war. Had to be payed in annual instalments
69
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that affected Blame?
Article 231=> War Guilt Clause blamed Germany for causing the war entirely.
70
What was 'Aryanisation'?
The taking over of Jewish businesses by Aryans
71
When was the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service?
7th April 1933
72
The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service gave Hitler the power to do what?
Forcibly retire non-aryans from civil service e.g. Lawyers
73
What was the RAD?
National Labour Service

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