Germany (Causes and Effects) Flashcards
(25 cards)
In November 1918, WW1 ended and the German leader Kaiser Wilhelm was forced to abdicate, what was the effect of Germany fighting in WW1?
During WW1, millions died and there was hunger and famine in Germany
The Treaty of the Versailles officially end the first world war, the treaty was harsh and its terms upset and angered many Germans. What were the effectS of the terms?
War Guilt Cause - Germany was forced to accept blame for WW1
Germany had to pay reparations of 6.6 billion marks in total to France, Belgium and the UK
The German Army was restricted to 100,000 men and allowed no tanks submarines or aircrafts.
Germany lost 10% of its land containing 13% of the populations.
The Spartacists had their own uprising in January 1919, what was the cause of their uprising?
The Spartacists wanted to take over Germany by copying the Russian Revolution
In January 1919, The Spartacists took over Berlin in January 1919, what were the effects of their uprising?
Their uprising was badly planned and the Government sent in the Army and the Freikorps to clear out the Spartacists.
The Freikorps had their own uprising called the Kapp Putsch in March 1920 what was the cause of their uprising
The Freikorps were furious about the Treaty of Versailles and its terms
The Freikorps tried to take over Berlin in 1920, what were the results of their uprising?
Most workers refused to work with the Freikorps and they were forced to surrender
In 1922, the Weimar government announced that it was bankrupt and could not pay reparations, what was the effect of their announcement.
France chose to extract the reparations by taking German goods and materials to match the value of reparations and in January 1922, French and Belgian soldiers marched into the Ruhr and invaded.
In 1923, Germany was in Hyperinflation, what was the cause?
Printing more money caused the value of the Mark to collapse by November 1923 which was the height of Germany’s hyperinflation
In 1923, Stresemann takes over the Weimar Government, what were the effects of Stresemann taking over?
Stresemann attempted to solve the hyperinflation crisis:
He introduced a new currency called the Rentenmark and the Germans chose to use the new currency
Then, Stresemann negotiated a loans with the USA called the Dawes Plan
Stresemann also negotiated the reduction of the reparations from £6.6 billion to £2.2 billion
Stresemann negotiated a loans with the USA called the Dawes Plan, what were the effects of this plan?
The US gave Weimar huge loans and these were invested in the German industry and helped to pay the reparations, the German economy began to recover due to the investment. However if anything went wrong in the USA, Germany would be in trouble.
In 1925, Stresemann got Britain, France, Italy and Belgium called the Locarno Pact, what was the effect of this pact?
It respects the post Versailles German border and this would prevent a repeat of the 1923 Invasion of the Ruhr
Stresemann’s final development was Germany’s Kellogg Briand Pact in 1928, what the effects of this pact?
Germany and 64 other countries agreed to solve problems through peaceful means and it meant that Germany could keep its armies but only for self-defence. This increased many countries level of trust in Germany
In 1919, Hitler joined the small Germans workers Party, what was the effect of Hitler joining?
He quicky replaced its leader and changed the name to the National Socialist German worker’s party
The party slowly grew and by 1923 Hitler felt confident they could take over Munich and so on the November 9th 1923 2000 Nazis took over Munich Government buildings, what was the effect of their uprising?
They were confronted by the police which caused the Nazis to panic and fled leaving 16 of them dead. Hitler was arrested and put on trial.
Hitler was arrested and put on a trial what were the effects of his arrest?
The judge was sympathetic to the Nazi cause and only gave Hitler a light sentence of 5 years which he only served 9 months, the trial also made Hitler a celebrity
In 1929, the US economy crashed called the Wall Street Crash what effect did this have on Germany
The US recalled their loans from the Dawes Plans causing the German economy to collapse and by 1932 6 million Germans were unemployed.
In August 1934, Hitler declares himself Fuhrer what was the effect of this?
Fuhrer was a combination of being the president and the chancellor he now holds all power in Germany
In 1933, the Nazis created a secret police called the Gestapo what was the effect on this
The Gestapo arrested anyone who disagreed with the Nazis publicly without trial. Many prisoners were sent to concentration camps. The Gestapo was greatly feared as they relied on informants who could be anyone including neighbours and family members.
In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws was signed and restricted the rights of Jewish people, what was the effects of this?
They were no longer allowed to marry non-Jews and were not allowed to be citizens, could not vote or hold a passport. German Jews began to leave the country in large numbers. However, many also stayed or were unable to leave.
In 1938, the Nazis organised a pogrom called the Kristallnacht, what was the cause of them organising this?
It was their response to a German Jew murdering a German diplomat in Paris.
On the 9th November, Kristallnacht took place, what were the effects of this.
800 Jewish Shops were destroyed
191 synagogues were burned or damaged
91 Jews were killed
Over 30,000 were arrested
The invasion of Russia special units called Einsatzgruppen followed the army what were the effect of these units?
These units executed Jews, Gypseous and communists by the thousands. Over 1.2 million were killed
After a major German defeat in the Soviet Union. Goebbels declared a “total war”, what was the effect of this?
All men up to age 65 and women up to age45 now had to work support the war which brought a massive chance from Nazi propaganda for women.
From 1942 onwards, RAF bombers became a real problem for the Germans and in 1943, RAF made raids on Hamburg what were the effect of this?
The raids made a million Germans homeless and though it never defeated Germany by itself, it made Germany’s more weaker and damaged the industry. It also forced Germany to use their resources to defend its cities.
