Germany L4.D3 Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Did the 1830s saw the introduction of new wine laws, based on must weight of grapes?
A
Yes
2
Q
What effect had 2 World Wards on Germany’s wine business?
A
Both wars had a devastating effect on Germany’s ecocnomy and its exports. High volumes of inexpensive branded wines started to be produced.
3
Q
What is Flurbereinigung?
A
A program of vineyard restructuring, that involved the consolidation of many small, fragmented vineyards and the building of access roads, both aimed at increasing efficiency, making machanisation easier and so reducing the costs of viticulture. Without this, many vineyards would have become economically unviable.
4
Q
What would have happened if Germany didn’t start the Flurbereinigungsprogram?
A
Many vineyards would have become economically unviable.
5
Q
What is Germany’s overall main climate?
A
Cool continental climate
6
Q
What is the location of German vineyards in latitudes?
A
The wine producing regions lie aroung 49-50N.
7
Q
Why is site selection in Germany crutial for grape ripeness.
A
Regions might otherwise be too cold if not chosen for the right vineyard site, and grapes aren’t able to ripen fully.
8
Q
What vital role does the Rivers play in Germany?
A
They radiate the heat; moderate temperatures and extending therefor the growing season, making many regions viable for grape growing and grape ripeness.
9
Q
Alongside what are most of Germany’s vineyards situated?
A
Most are situated along the river Rhine and its tributaries.
10
Q
What are often the best vineyard sites found in Germany?
A
The best sites are often on steep, southfacing slopes for a max. sun exposure. Some of them are extremely steep up to a gradient of 70%.
11
Q
What are the main viticultural risks, vineyards in Germany face?
A
- In spring the risk of major frosts, but can/wil be mitigated by the rivers and planting on slopes.
- Warm, wet summers eventhough there is just 500-800mm of rain (not much) it falls mainly during growing season, increasing risk of fungal disease, dilution.
- Heavy (hail) storms
12
Q
What important role do the German mountain ranges Taunus & Haardt play?
A
They shelter the vineyards from cold winds and the worst of the rain.
13
Q
Why is vintage variation in Germany reducing?
A
Due to climate change and global warming but also du to significant advances in vineyard management techniques.
14
Q
Why are vineyards not planted higher up the hills at higher latitudes in winegrowing regions?
A
Because the temperatures get colder and in terms of higher latitudes its not an advantages, when you are closer to the equator it can truly make a difference in ripe /over-ripeness, but in higher latitudes it can make grapes struggle to ripen fully. Mainly the vines are not planted above 200m above sealevel.
15
Q
Why do the soils play an important role in grape ripening?
A
They play an important role in fruit ripening in the coolest regions. The dark-coloured slate (Mosel/Ahr), retains the heat and radiates it out at night.
16
Q
What soiltype is mainly found in the Mosel / Ahr?
A
Dark-coloured slate
17
Q
What soiltype is mainly found in Baden, Pfalz, Rheinhessen & Franken?
A
There are significant pockets of calcareous soils, good for planing Pinot Noir/Blanc and Chardonnay.
18
Q
What soiltype is preferred by Grauburgunder?
A
Heavy clayey soils
19
Q
Is erosion a problem in Mosel/Rehingau? And what do they do about this?
A
Yes, vineyard owners are regularly forced to winch soil and rocks back up the slopes adding to costs of vineyard maintenance.
20
Q
Why is good canopy management in Germany so important?
A
It is essential to maximise sun exposure on the grapes and also to improve air circulation in order to reduce the risk of disease in wet summers.
21
Q
How large is Germany’s vineyard size since 2018?
A
100,000 ha, being the 7th largest country with area under vine.
22
Q
What is Germany’s average annual production?
A
9 million hL
23
Q
How has fruit ripeness improved in Germany? (!)
A
Due to better clonal selection, summer pruning, green harvesting and selective hand harvesting.
24
Q
How are the vines on slopes traditionally trained, and now seen way less?
A
On the slopes vines were staked individually with canes tied at the top.
25
What is the average maximum yields for Deutscher Wein and Landwein?
150 hl/ha
26
What is the average maximum yield for Qualitätswein
105 hl/ha
27
What do most of the steepest vineyards use for trellissing?
Nowadays they use single and double replacement-cane pruning and VSP trellising and Pendelbogen.
28
Explain what "Pendelbogen" is.
It is replacement-cane pruning with the canes arched in the trellis. The arching of the canes is thought to improve the flow of sap in the vine and increase the number of viable buds, in turn increasing yields.
29
How common is organic viticulture in Germany?
Around 9% of German vineyards are certified organic.
30
Why is the topography of many German vineyards challenging in terms of Viticulture?
Steeper slopes, vineyards are terraced or planted up the slopes. Mechanisation is difficult or even impossible, in some cases workers have to be winched up and down.
31
Why is German wine production focussed on mainly white wine?
Because of the cool climate and their grapevarietals are naturally tolerated to the conditions
32
Do grape varieties need to be stated on a German Wine label?
No, but it does usually happen.
33
Describe Riesling as a varietal.
Late budding with thick wood, relatively frost resistant. Late ripening, needs good sun exposure and dry autumns. It has high accidity levels from itself, giving ageing potential. Susceptible to botrytis.
34
Decribe the winestyle(s) of Riesling.
Making wines with pronounced intensity and great aromatic complexity, fruit flavours range from green fruit to tropical fruit. It can also show floral aromas, like white flowers, honeysuckle. WIth age, the wines develop toast, honeyed and petrol-like aromas. They come in dry to lusciously sweet styles.
35
How large is Riesling in terms of vineyardsize plantings in Germany?
about 24,000 ha - its 23% of all plantings.
36
How is Muller-Thurgau also called?
Rivaner
37
Describe Müller-Thurgau as a winestyle.
Medium acidity, little structure and character but can produce wines attractive but relatively simple floral and fruity aromas for early drinking wines.
38
Describe Müller-Thurgau as a varietal.
Earliest German crossings, earlier ripening than Riesling, high yielding. Used mainly for production of Liebfraumilch.
39
Which high yielding varietal was/is used for Liebfraumilch?
Müller-Thurgau
40
In which German region thrives Spätburgunder and why?
In Baden and in the Ahr region. Baden being the warmest region of Germany making growing conditions suited for Spatburgunder, also in the Ahr region having the small valley of the river Ahr creating the right circumstances incl, southern slope exposure and dark slate soils.
41
Which black varietal is Germany's most planted?
Spätburgunder, with a total of 11,5%
42
What are the two most grown black varieties in Germany?
Spätburgunder and Dornfelder (crossing)
43
Describe the general winemaking style of Spätburgunder in Germany.
Some use whole bunch fermentation; the tannins from stems contributing to tannins without needing to use oak for this purpose. Others use less (new) oak and more larger oak vessels.
44
Describe Dornfelder as a winestyle.
It produces deep coloured, high aciditc wines with fruity and floral notes. Two styles;
- a fruity, early-drinking style, with occasionally some RS an sour cherry, blackberry aromas
- a more complex style with ageing potential, lower yields, greater focus on tannins and structure, fermented in oak.
45
In which region is Dornfelder as a varietal succesful?
Rheinhessen and Pfalz.
46
Can Silvaner produce high quality wines?
Yes
47
Describe the general winestyle of Silvaner
Lower in acidity and less aromatic than Riesling. When high quality, it is dry, medium bodied with med-med(+) acidity and distinctive earthy characteristics.
48
Which white varietals have grown in popularity since the 1990s?
Grauburgunder, Weissburgunder - specifically in Rheinhessen, Pfalz and Baden.
49
How is Grauburgunder often labelled?
Ruländer.
50
Since when did German viticulture started using crossings?
As early as 1880.
51
What are German crosses and wy where they developed.
It is a group of mainly white varieties developed to cope with Germany's cool climate. (like Müller-Thurgau) The number of new crossings increased rapidly in the mid 20th century.
52
What was the reason for loosing interest in the use of crossings?
As techniques developed to allow better ripening in other varieties, relience on and interest in the crosses has fallen considerably.
53
What characteristics do most of the crossings posses?
Most of the varieties produced wines with a high level of sugar but without sufficient acidity or aromatic character to balance it.
54
Are there any succesful crossing varietals made?
Certainly;
- Scheurebe (full-bodied wines with intense aromas, med (+) acidity, ageworthy wines.
- Kerner (Prädikats levels, high acidity, fruity, floral characteristics of Riesling)
- Dornfelder, perhaps most succesful of all.
55
In which EU-zones does Germany fall and why is this of any significance
Most fall in EU-zone A and Baden is in Zone B. Which tells you that enrichment is allowed up to 3% for Zone A and up to 2% for Zone B. But becomes increasingly rare.
56
Are de-acidification and/or acidification permitted in German winemaking?
Yes, as is acidification only allowed in the hottest years.
57
Is fermentation in stainless steel mandatory in Germany?
No, but it is more common.
58
What is Süssreserve?
Unfermented or partially-fermented grape must.
59
Can Süssreserve come from anywhere?
Süssreserve must be produced from grapes of the same region and the same quality level as the wine to which it is added. It is common for the Süssreserve and the wine to come from the same must.
60
How is Süssreserve made?
Producers take a small proportion of must pre-fermentation, clarify, chill and protect it with SO2 so it remains fresh, and then add this must back to the fermented wine to create the desired level of sweetness.
61
What role does Süssreserve play in German winemaking?
Süssreserve is added to the dry wine just prior to bottling; to create the desired level of sweetness. it contains minimal - no alcohol and therefore, depending on the volume added, may even reduce alcohol levels slightly.
62
When can RCGM be used in German winemaking?
Sweetening through Rectified Concentrated Grape Must can only be used for Deutscher Wein.
63
How long does fermentation of BA, TBA and Eiswein take, explain why.
It can take up to several months, fermentation will be hard to start due to the (extreme) high level of sugarcontent.
64
Can fermentation of a wine stop naturally, explain why?
Yes, due to the high sugar levels, leaving high levels of RS and low levels of alcohol (often between 5.5% and 8% abv) or when it is extremely cold, the fermentation needs a solid warming temperature for an extended period of time.
65
Sweetness in wine often had a purpose back in the day, why was that?
For masking bitterness and high acidity due to unripeness of the grapes being used.
66
Describe the difference between high volume red winemaking vs high quality red wine making in Germany.
high volume: inexpensive - designed for early drinking often undergo thermovinification for quick extraction of colour and flavour. The wine can be fermented off the skins to produce a fruity red with low tannings, typically no oak ageing.
high quality: (PN) techniques such as cold maceration, whole bunch fermentation and maturation in oak are common.
67
How large in terms of volume is rosé in Germany?
It makes up for almost 11% of domestic sales. (2018)
68
Describe the general rosé wine style in Germany.
Most are young and youthful, fruity, cool fermented temperatures in stainless steel bottled for release soon after.
69
What is the fundamental principle of German wine law?
It's always been to classify grapes according to their must weight at harvest.
70
Which quality levels does German wine law knows?
From top to bottom
- Prädikatswein
- Qualitätswein
- Landwein
- Deutscher wein (Tafelwein)
71
What are the 'Deutscher Wein' regulations?
- Wine without a GI made exclusively from grapes grown in Germany.
- Alcohol levels must be between 8.5-15%
- Can be produced in any style
72
How large is the annual production in volume of Deutscher wein & Landwein combined?
Just about 4%
73
What are the 'Landwein' regulations?
- Since 1982
- Protected Geographical area
- > 85% of the grapes must originate from the region the Landwein region is named on the label
- Alcohol levels must be between 8.5-15%
- Wines can only be in trocken or halbtrocken style
74
What are the 'Qualitätswein' regulations?
- Protected Demographical Origin
- Grapes must come exclusively come from one of the 13 Anbaugebiete, appearing on the label.
- Made in all styles
- minimum alcohol levels is >7%
- Enrichment is permitted
- Mandatory laboratry analysis
75
Is there any laboratory analysis needed in German wine law?
Yes at Qualitätswein and Prädikatswein level you need a laboratory analysis and a blind tasting prior to release. Those who pass are given an AP number which must appear on the label.
76
What is an ' AP' given to a wine?
An Amtliche Prüfungsnummer - a 10-12 digit number indicating where and when the wine was tested, the location of the vineyard and the bottler's specific lot number.
77
What are the 'Prädikatswein' regulations?
- Protected Demographical Origin
- Grapes must come exclusively come from a Bereich (one of 40), name of which not need to appear on the label.
- Wines produced from grapes with highest must weights.
- Made in all styles
- minimum alcohol levels is >7%
- Enrichment is not permitted
- Mandatory laboratry analysis
78
Is enrichtment permitted at Prädikatswein level as it does in Qualitätswein level also?
No it is not.
79
What are the six Prädikat levels in German wine law? (distinction levels)
From top to bottom
- TBA
- Eiswein
- BA
- Auslese
- Spätlese
- Kabinett
80
Are wines in the Prädikatslevels from Kabinett, Spätlese and Auslese all dry wine styles? Explain.
No, winestyles can vary from dry to medium-sweet (Kabinett/Spätlese) to even sweet in Auslese. The must weight from Kabinett is being the lowest, when climbing up the 'ladder' the must weight increases by mandatory wine law.
81
Is hand-harvest compulsory in all Prädikatslevels?
No, it is mandatory for the BA, TBA and Eiswein levels only.
82
From which grapes are Auslese wines being made?
From specially-selected, extra-ripe bunches of grapes, and can even be affected with some botrytis.
83
From which grapes are BA wines being made?
From individually selected barries and must be harvested by hand. Berries can either be infected with botrytis or not.
84
Are botrytised grapes mandatory for BA wines just as it is for TBA wines?
No it is optional, mainly late harvest with some botrytis infection. But is is mandatory for TBA wines.
85
Are wines from the Prädikatslevels from BA, TBA, Eiswein always sweet?
Yes (mandatory), but sweetness levels differ.
86
What is the minimum alcohol levels for BA, TBA and Eiswein?
it is 5.5% abv
87
Are the minimum must Weights for BA, TBA and Eiswein the same?
No, the must weight levels in BA and Eiswein are the same but is higher for TBA wines.
88
When can de berries for Eiswein be picked?
Any time from December (occasionally November) to February the following year, but must be picked when frozen, at temperatures below -7°C.
89
What vintages will be put on the label of an Eiswein?
The vintage is given as the year in which the harvest has started.
90
Is it permitted in German and Austrian wine law to artifically freeze the grapes to make Eiswein?
No - only in other countries like Canada this is permitted to do so.
91
What are the biggest risks winemakers face when making Eiswein and how can you prevent it?
Growers waiting for their grapes to freeze regularly lose some, sometimes all their crops either to disease or to predators. Some growers are improving their chances of producing it by covering their grapes in plastic sheeting to protect them until they freeze.
92
Describe the winestyle of a Riesling Eiswein from Germany.
They tend to have hagih acidity and concentrated, pure peach and grapefruit flavours and are lusciously sweet, but very well balanced due to the acidity.
93
What quality of grapes can only be used in making Eiswein? Is there a reason for it?
You can only use very healthy grapes, 'cause the unpleasant flavours of rot will be amplified in the wine otherwise. So no botrytized grapes are used in Eiswein.
94
Is a TBA wine made in every vintage?
No, only in suitable years when there is noble rot present, so quantities and yields are very low.
95
Why are there indications of sweetness levels on the labels, in German wine regulations?
Because consumers can tell what sweetness level an Auslese, Spätlese, Kabinett or Qualitätswein may be.
96
What are the sweetness levels seen on German wine labels?
- Trocken (dry)
- Halbtrocken (off-dry)
- Lieblich (medium / medium-sweet)
- Süss (sweet)
97
Explain the level of RS in a 'Trocken' labeled wine?
No more than 4 g/L RS (or up to 9g/L where RS does not exceed total acidity by more than 2g/L)
98
Explain the level of RS in a 'Halbtrocken' labeled wine?
Between 4 -12 g/L RS (or up to 18g/L where RS does not exceed total acidity by more than 10g/L)
99
Explain the level of RS in a 'Lieblich' labeled wine?
Wines between 12-45 g/L RS
100
Explain the level of RS in a 'Süss' labeled wine?
Wines with more than 45 g/L RS
101
Why do producers use the term 'feinherb' instead of halbtrocken?
Halbtrocken wines are falling in decline due to unpopularity in 'sweeter style wines'. The literal translation of 'feinherb' means 'fine dry', so it is a connotation with less obvious indication of sweetness level, and the sweetness level can even be a little higher than 12g/l.
102
Where might a 'Goldkapsel' be used for?
For wines that are characterised by botrytis.
103
What is a Bereiche?
It is a wine producing region
104
What are the Geographical Classificational terms for a German wine?
From top to bottom
- Grosslagen
- Einzellagen
- Bereiche
- Anbaugebiete
105
What is an Einzellagen?
It is an individual vineyardsite.
106
How many registered Einzellagen are there?
2,658
107
What is the average size of an Einzellagen?
38ha, sizes varies from 1 - 200 ha
108
What is the size, in terms of plantings, is a Grosslagen?
between 600-1,800 ha, comprizing several Einzellagen
109
How many Grosslagen are there registered?
167
110
What is the difference between Grosslagen and Grosse Lage?
Grosslage is a collection of vineyards encomprising several Einzellagen. And a Grosse Lage are the best parcels from the best vineyards in the VDP system.
111
T or F:
Einzellage and Grosslage names can only be used on Qualit"atswein and Pr"adikatswein.
True
112
Is 'Liebfraumilch' a legally defined term on wine labels?
Yes
113
Is there a mandatory region where the grapes of Liebfraumilch can come from?
Yes, the grapes must come from one of four German regions (Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Rheingau, Nahe).
114
Describe the wine regulations of Liebfraumilch.
- It is always a medium-dry white wine of Qualitätswein level with at least 18g/l RS.
- It must contain at least 70% Riesling, Silvaner, Müller-Thurgau and Kerner.
- Grapes must come from one of four German regions.
115
What is VDP?
The Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter, a group of various producers and associations having a quality hierarchy of vineyard sites with more stringent rules for wineproduction.
116
When was the VDP founded?
In 1910
117
How big is the VDP in terms of production in volume and value?
VDP members own about 5% of Germany's total vineyard area and produce about 3% of annual production by volume and 7.5% by value.
118
T or F:
In the VDP system, Prädikatslevels are only to be used for wines with residual sweetness.
True
119
What are the 4 categories of VDP wine?
From top to bottom:
- VDP Grosse Lage
- VDP Erste Lage
- VDP Ortswein
- VDP Gutswein
120
What is a VDP Gutswein and its max. yields?
A regional wine with a max permitted yield of 75hl/ha
121
What is a VDP Ortswein and its max. yields?
A 'village' wine with a max permitted yield of 75hl/ha
122
Explain what a VDP Erste Lage wine and is regulations are.
- A 'premier cru' vineyard site /wine from designated 'first class' vineyards.
- max. permitted yields are 60 hl/ha
- Grapes hand-harvested
- using traditional winemaking techniques
- Village name must appear on label
123
Explain what a VDP Grosse Lage wine and is regulations are.
- A 'grand cru' vineyard site /wine from the best parcels in the best vineyards.
- max. permitted yields are 50 hl/ha
- Grapes hand-harvested
- Strickter rules on permitted varieties, it differs per Anbaugebiete
- Dry whites cannot be released until 1st of Sept the following year.
- Sweeter Prädikat wines may be released on 1st May following harvest.
- Only vineyard name appears on label, not the village.
124
Can the term 'Grosses Gewächs' appear on the label?
No, only the VDP 'GG' trademark can or being embossed on the bottle.
125
T or F:
Only dry wines made from grapes from Grosse Lage can be designated for Grosses Gewächs.
True
126
What is the Rheingau Carta?
A group to promote dry wines from the best vineyard sites of the Rheingau.
127
What does the term 'Erstes Gewächs' upholds and its legal representation?
It is a term for the best sites in Rheingau and is a legally-protected term.
- Wines can only exclusively be produced from Riesling or Spätburgunder.
- grapes must be hand-harvested
- wines must be dry with min. must weight same as Spätlese.
128
Can the Rheingau Carta now label their wines as 'GG'? How come?
The Rheingau Carta joined the VDP in 1999, and those members can use either the term 'Erstes Gewächs' or use 'GG' on the label.
129
Where is the vast majority of German wineproduction located?
In Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Baden and Württemberg. (80%)
130
Which regions predominantly produce white wines from Müller-Thurgau, Weissburgunder & Riesling?
Saale-Unstrut ans Sachsen
131
Name all 13 German Anbaugebiete
- Ahr
- Mosel
- Rheinhessen
- Rheingau
- Hessische Bergstrasse
- Baden
- Saale-Unstrut
- Sachsen
- Pfalz
- Württemberg
- Nahe
- Mittelrhein
- Franken
132
Describe Rheinhessen as a winegrowing region.
The region lies between the Nahe and the Rhine river sheltered by the forested Hunsrück on the west and the Taunus Mountains on the north. It has a cool continental climate, but it is relatively warm and dry, due to the moderating affects of the rivers and it tributaries.
The vineyards are planted on gentle slopes of the valley with fertile soils. The region can be devided into three growing areas being: Bingen (NW), Nierstein (NE) and Wonnegau (S).
Rheinterrasse is a steeply sloping vineyard site on the west bank of the river Rhein around Nierstein and Oppenheim. Within the Rheinterrasse, the vineyards within the strip known as Roter Hang is distinguished by its Rotliegenden soil, iron-rich red soil consisting of slate, clay and sandstone.
Wonnegau has areas with pockets of limestone soils.
133
What are the main grape varietals grown in Rheinhessen?
* Riesling
* Müller-Thurgau
* Grauburgunder
* Silvaner
- Dornfelder
- Spätburgunder
White grapes dominate by 71% of all plantings.
134
Describe Rheinhessen as a wine producing region.
Rheingau is the largest region (<25%) in terms of production. Has the highest yields permitted.
- Bulk production still dominates here, and plantings are still on the rise here.
- Quality wine production is dominated mainly by small estates and several co-ops.
- Reputation for high-quality production is growing at the Rheinterrasse and the Roter-Hang.
- Significant producers are Weingut Gunderloch (Rheinterrasse) and Weingut Keller (Worms)
135
What makes the Rheinterrasse special in terms of grape growing?
Their location, the east-facing aspect of these vineyards mean they receive the warming morning sun in the coolest part of the day, enhancing ripeness. And their proximity to the Rhine and its moderating influence also means that evening and autumn temperatures remain warmer than in vineyard areas away from the river.
136
Describe Pfalz as a winegrowing region.
The climate here is cool continental, and can be divided into two area's: north the Mittelhaardt and the south is the Südliche Weinstrasse. The region lies between the Haardt mountains (being a continuation of th Vosges mountains) on its westside and the Rhine plain to the east.
The Haardt creates a similar rainshadow effect, making Pfalz one of the driest and warmest regions in Germany, where drought can be an actual concern. The vineyars here face south or east on the foothills of the Haardt, gaining max. sunshine and are protected from cold winds.
West Mittelhaardt you'll find sandstone and volcanic soils (basalt) and clay, on the East side on the glentler slopes more limestone and sandy soils. Where in the Südliche Weinstrasse more flatter areas are with fertile sandstone soils.
The most renowned vineyards are in an area known as the Mittelhaardt around Bad Dürkheim, Wachenheim, Forst, Deidesheim and Ruppersberg in the northern part of Pfalz.
137
What are the main grape varietals grown in Pfalz?
White grape varietals dominate with 65% of all plantings. The major grape varietals are:
- Dornfelder
* Riesling (25%)
* Grauburgunder
* Müller-Thurgau
* Weissburgunder
- Spätburgunder
138
Describe Pfalz as a wine producing region
The area under vine is slightly smaller than Rheinhessen. The Südliche Weinstrasse is a region mainly used for inexpensive wineproduction.
Pfalz had also been in France, German, France, German ruling in the past, so that is why you will find so many Pinot varietals here.
Significant producers here are Dr. Bürklin-Wolf and the Co-op Winzerverein Deidesheim.
139
Describe Baden as a wine producing region
Baden is divided in multiple distinct areas (Bereiche). With the western side along the French border. The main vineyard area is situated on the eastern side of the Rhine, and benefits from the rainshadow of the Vosges mountains. This together with its southern latitude, it is Germany's warmest, sunniest and driest wine producing region.
Baden has a variety of soils and microclimates. Steep south-facing slopes around Kaiserstuhl, an extinct volcano, there are also significant pockets of calcareous soils in Tuniberg and Breisgau and Ortenau being a cooler area.
140
What are the main grape varietals grown in Baden?
59% of all plantings here are white, dispite its reputation for red wines.
- Spätburgunder
* Müller-Thurgau
* Grauburgunder
* Weissburgunder
* Chardonnay
* Riesling (Klingelberger)
- Schwarzriesling (Meunier)
* Getudel (Chasselas)
* Clevner (Savagnin Blanc)
141
Describe Baden as a wine producing region
Baden is best known for its Red wines from Spätburgunder. And are amongst Germany's best reds with complex flavours, often enhanced by oak ageing.
Wines from Tuniberg, Breisgau and Ortenau are more acidic and delicate fruity. Where as wines from Kaiserstuhl are more fuller bodied, higher alcohol, complex, smokey, ripe fruit flavoured.
The region, due to its climate, is ideal for high volume, inexpensive blends from Müller-Thurgau.
Co-ops are responsible for about 75% of all Baden's production led by the Badischer Winzerkeller (Breisach).
142
Name all nine Bereiche of the Baden wine region
From North to South
- Tauberfranken
- Badische Bergstrasse
- Kraichgau
- Ortenau
- Breisgau
- Kaiserstuhl
- Tuniberg
- Markgräflerland
- Bodensee (Lake Constance)
143
Describe Württemberg as a wine producing region
144
What are the main grape varietals grown in Württemberg?
145
Describe Württemberg as a wine producing region
146
Describe Baden as a wine producing region
