Germany- the rise of Hitler to Jan 1933 Flashcards
(46 cards)
1
Q
What was Hitler appointed to during the war?
A
-corporal, and was awarded and iron cross medal for bravery
2
Q
Which political parties gained support after the war?
A
-extreme political parties
3
Q
Who did Hitler spy on from 1919?
A
-the German workers party
4
Q
Who was the German workers party led by in 1919?
A
-Anton Drexler
5
Q
How many members did the German workers party have in 1919?
A
-6
6
Q
What did the German workers party believe?(4)
A
- democracy was weak and a powerful leader was needed to rebuild Germany’s strength
- Jews were to blame for making Germany weak
- Communists and socialists had brought about the fall of the Kaiser
- the socialist Weimar politicians had betrayed Germany in signing the treaty of Versailles
7
Q
When did Hitler join the German workers party?
A
-September 1919
8
Q
What happened in February 1920?
A
-Hitler was put in charge of propaganda for the German workers party
9
Q
What did the German workers party do in 1920?
A
- Hitler and Drexler rewrote the aims for the party which was published on the 25 point programme
- renamed it the nationalist socialist German workers party or Nazi party
10
Q
When did Hitler become party leader?
A
-1921
11
Q
How much had members increased to in the German workers party by the end of 1920?
A
-1,100
12
Q
Who were attracted to Hitler’s party?
A
-Freikorps
13
Q
What did Hitler set up in 1921?
A
-stormtroopers
14
Q
Who was the leader of the SA?
A
-Ernst Rohm, one of Hitler’s loyal supporters
15
Q
What did the SA do for Hitler?
A
- paraded the streets as a show of force and to demonstrate Hitler’s strength
- people were impressed by the power and organisation of the SA
16
Q
What happened in November 1923 and what was the intention?
A
- Hitler led an armed uprising called the Munich putsch
- the intention was to overthrow the Weimar republic
17
Q
List a few causes of the Munich putsch.
A
- many Germans had a deep anger towards the Weimar republic due to the ‘stab in the back’
- Hitler knew he would have support in Munich because the leaders of the Bavarian state government were hostile towards the Weimar government
- economy had worsened so when hyperinflation met it’s peak Hitler decided to act
- Hitler was influenced by Benito Mussolini, a fascist
18
Q
What happened on the 9th and 11th of November 1923?
A
- 2,000 Nazi supporters marched into Munich
- 14 Nazis were killed
- Hitler was arrested
19
Q
What did Hitler do on his trial?
A
- made speeches attacking the government and claimed the leaders of the Weimar government were traitors
- Hitler’s popularity grew as he was seen as a nationalist standing up for German rights
20
Q
How long and where was Hitler sentenced jail?
A
- 5 years at Landsburg castle but won an early release after 9 months
- Nazi party was banned
21
Q
What were the effects of the Munich putsch?
A
- showed that there were powerful forces in Germany who wanted the Weimar government destroyed as they gave Hitler a light sentence instead of execution
- his imprisonment gave the opportunity to write his book + reorganised the Nazi party
22
Q
When was the ban on the Nazi party lifted?
A
-February 1925
23
Q
What did Mein Kampf include?
A
-the measures he would put into practice in 1933
24
Q
How did Hitler change his methods in the Nazi party after prison?
A
- created a national headquarters in Munich
- he encouraged people to join the SA and set up Hitler youth
- Goebbels put in charge of propaganda
- held public meetings and trained members to be effective public speakers
- the party concentrated on gaining support from farmers as Germany’s agriculture was suffering
25
How many members were in the Nazi party by 1929?
-100,000
26
When was the wall street crash?
-October 1929-collapse of prices as investors lost confidence and began to sell
27
What happened during the wall street crash?
- USA recalled it's loans given to Germany which led to financial crisis in Germany
- most German businesses were forced to close due to economy problems = unemployment
28
What were the effects of the great depression on the young people in Germany?
-in 1933, more than 50% of people aged 16-30 were unemployed and even people with good education could not find work
29
What were the effects of the great depression on the factory workers in Germany?
- 4 out of 10 could not get a job
| - unemployment benefits rose by the government and food prices were high
30
What were the effects of the great depression on the famers in Germany?
- many farmers were already in debt
| - led to increased support for Nazi party
31
What were the effects of the great depression on the businessmen in Germany?
-people who managed to keep them struggled as people had less money to spend on goods
32
What were the effects of the great depression on the Weimar republic?
- the SDP and the centre party fell out (the 2 main coalition parties)
- Bruning (head of centre party), suggested making further cuts to welfare benefits=Muller did not agree
- Muller (head of SDP) resigned and Bruning became chancellor
- Bruning asked Hindenburg to use article 48 as he did not have majority in Reichstag so from 1930, Germany was not run by democracy
- Bruning introduced unpopular measures e.g tax rises and more Germans turned to extreme parties
33
How many members were in the SA by 1930?
-400,000
34
How did the SA make the Nazi party stronger and lead to Hitler becoming chancellor?
- their presence at Nazi party rallies helped the Nazis appear strong
- they used lights and symbols of power
- disrupted meetings of political opponents
- in elections 1930 and 1932, they used violence to threaten opposition
35
What are three factors that led to hyperinflation?
- French occupation of Ruhr
- Reparations
- Less income-generating areas
36
When Germany fail to pay reparations?
- late 1922
| - December 1922
37
Why was Hitler able to become chancellor?
-Nazis focused on the appeal of Hitler, the activities of the SA and use of propaganda
38
How did the appeal of Hitler lead to him becoming chancellor?
- presented him as the strong leader Germany was looking for
- appearance changed to look like he had superhuman strength
- during speeches he stated he was Germany's last hope + promised a better future
- 'smash the chains of Versailles'
39
How did the use of propaganda lead to Hitler to becoming chancellor?
- focused on popular messages and quickly changed them if they weren't getting much support e.g Nazis keen to nationalise industry but dropped it when it became apparent German industrialists did not support the idea
- used new technology + Hitler flew to make speeches
- used plays, concerts and sport to make speeches
- owned 8 different newspapers
- posters designed + message was clear and simple
40
When did Hitler become a major political figure?
- in April 1932, he polled 13 million votes
| - lost to Hindenburg but became a major political leader
41
Who is Von Schleicher and what did he do?
- army general
- removed Bruning and replaced him with a coalition of army officers
- then persuaded Hindenburg to sack him
42
What did Bruning attempt to do after the April 1932 election and why?
- used presidential decree to ban the SA and the SS because there was considerable political unrest
43
Who was Von Papen?
-Schleicher chose him to lead the coalition
44
What happened in November 1932?
- Von papan called another election
| - powerful business leaders signed a letter to Hindenburg asking that Hitler be made chancellor
45
What happened in December 1932?
- Hindenburg appointed Von Schleicher as chancellor
- Schleicher asked Hindenburg to give him special powers as he believed Von Papen and Hitler were trying to overthrow him
46
When did Hitler become chancellor?
-January 1933
