Geropharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Movement of a medication in the body from the point of administration through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Question 2

Absorption

Answer 2

Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood

• Bioavailability
• Amount of medication
• Route

Question 3

Enteral

Answer 3

Rectal-> Nasogastric-> Oral

Question 4

Parenteral

Answer 4

Intravenous-> Intramuscular-> subcutaneous -> intradermal

Question 5

Percutaneous or mucosal

Answer 5

Inhalation, sublingual, transdermal, topical

Question 6

Distribution

Answer 6

Transportation of the drug via the blood to the target organ to have an effect

• Availability of plasma proteins
• Therapeutic window

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

AKA biotransformation
- Body modifies the chemical structure of the medication into water-soluble compounds or metabolites for the body’s use or for elimination

Question 8

Excretion

Answer 8

Unused drug molecules are removed from their sites of action

- Primarily through kidneys

Question 9

Medications are given to:

Answer 9

Cure disease, relieve symptoms, prevent disease, diagnose conditions, replace natural body substances

Question 10

Polypharmacy

Answer 10

The use of a large number of medications, contraindicated or potentially inappropriate medications or medications that are duplicated or unnecessary.

Question 11

Misuse of medications

Answer 11

Overuse, Underuse, Erratic use, contraindicated use

Question 12

Medication Reconciliation

Answer 12

Formal process in which healthcare providers work together with pts, families, and care providers to ensure accurate and comprehensive medication information is communicated consistently across transitions of care

Question 13

Ontario Drug Benefit Program

Answer 13

• All those 65+ or in LTC qualify

- Helps cover the cost of more than 4400 prescription drugs

Question 14

Bioavailability

Answer 14

Amount of medication available for affecting changes in target tissues
* Affected by gastric motility

Question 15

Biotransformation

Answer 15

A series of chemical alterations of a medication that occur in the body
- Metabolism

Question 16

Half-life

Answer 16

The time it takes after medication administration to inactivate half of the medication

Question 17

Potentiation

Answer 17

strengthening of the effect of one or more substances when they are used in combination

Question 18

Therapeutic window

Answer 18

Range of the plasma concentration of a medication within which it is safe and effective

Question 19

ADR

Answer 19

Adverse drug reaction

• Notable cause of admission
• cause of iatrogenic mortality and morbidity

Question 20

Fast routes for medications

Answer 20

Parenteral, transdermal, intravenous, mucous membranes

Question 21

Age-related changes

Answer 21

• diminished gastric pH affect acid-dependant meds
• Delayed stomach emptying affects short lived meds
• absorbtion of enteric-coated medications may be delayed
• Low serum albumin

Question 22

Active metabolites maintain the ability to have a therepuetic effect, as well as _____________________

Answer 22

The same or greater chances of causing adverse effects

Question 23

Primary site of medication metabolism

Answer 23

Liver

Question 24

Age related changes to the liver

Answer 24

Activity, metabolism, volume, and blood flow are reduced.

• Decrease metabolism
• increase half life

Question 25

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 25

Interaction between a medication and the body. The older a person becomes, the more likely is an altered or unreliable medication.

Question 26

Chronopharmacology

Answer 26

The relationship of biological rhythms to variations in the body’s response to medications

Question 27

Potentiate

Answer 27

the effect of increasing the potency or effectiveness of a drug or treatment

Question 28

Most troublesome ADRs

Answer 28

• Medication-induced delirium

- Lethargy