GF 13

Question 1

What type of research doesn’t draw conclusions about cause and effect or concern itself with relationships between variables?

Answer 1

Descriptive research doesn’t

Question 2

What are the 3 descriptive research designs?

Answer 2

Observational, survey, and case study

Question 3

Define observational research

Answer 3

Descriptive research where behavior is observed and recorded

Question 4

What are the 2 problems with observational research?

Answer 4

Demand characteristics and subjective interpretation of the researcher (pertains to reliability)

Question 5

Define habituation

Answer 5

repeated exposure to the researcher so he is no longer a novel stimulus

Question 6

What is the purpose of behavior categories?

Answer 6

an operational definition of each construct so the researcher can be objective about measuring behavior

Question 7

What are the 3 ways to numerically record data?

Answer 7

Frequency, duration, and interval

Question 8

Define frequency method

Answer 8

counting the number of times a behavior occurs in a specific time period

Question 9

Define duration method

Answer 9

the length of time engaged in a behavior during a specific time period

Question 10

Define interval method

Answer 10

counts the number of intervals a behavior occurs in

Question 11

What are the 3 ways of sampling?

Answer 11

Time sampling, event sampling, and individual sampling

Question 12

Define time sampling

Answer 12

Interval 1 observe, interval 2 record

Question 13

Define event sampling

Answer 13

Interval 1 measure behavior 1, interval 2 measure behavior 2

Question 14

Define individual sampling

Answer 14

Interval 1 observe 1 person, interval 2 observe a different person

Question 15

Define content analysis

Answer 15

when researchers measure behavior in books, movies, or media

Question 16

Define archival research

Answer 16

recording behaviors from historical records

Question 17

What are the 3 basic kinds of observation?

Answer 17

Naturalistic, participant, and contrived

Question 18

Define naturalistic observation

Answer 18

the setting has not been modified and researcher is hidden; high external validity

Question 19

Define participant observation

Answer 19

researcher participates in the behavior with the people being studied; high external validity

Question 20

Define contrived observation

Answer 20

research is done in a structured setting arranged to facilitate specific behaviors; researchers don’t have to wait for behavior to occur naturally

Question 21

5 point interval measurement scale with equal spacing

Answer 21

Likert scale

Question 22

What are the 4 problems with survey research?

Answer 22

Development of questions, administration, construction, and selection of representative individuals

Question 23

these establish the endpoints of a scale

Answer 23

Anchors

Question 24

Define response set

Answer 24

The tendency of participants to pick the same answer for most of the questions

Question 25

a scale that presents 2 opposing adjectives for you to pick between

Answer 25

Semantic differential

Question 26

when the individuals who return the survey are not representative of the population being measured

Answer 26

Nonresponse bias

Question 27

study of individuals, such as in case studies

Answer 27

Idiographic approach

Question 28

study of groups

Answer 28

Nomothetic approach

Question 29

a case study that does not include any treatment or intervention

Answer 29

Case history

Question 30

the study of an individual in order to obtain a description of that individual

Answer 30

Case study research