GH 1

Question 1

What is the primary role of the shoulder?

Answer 1

To place the hand in a functional position

Question 2

How many anatomic and physiologic joints form the shoulder?

Answer 2

3 anatomic

1 physiologic

Question 3

What are the names of the 3 anatomic joints and the 1 physiologic joint that make up the shoulder?

Answer 3

Anatomic:
Glenohumeral joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromial Clavicular joint

Physiologic:
Scapulocostal joint

Question 4

Why is the scapulocostal joint not an anatomic joint?

Answer 4

It lacks a joint capsule

Question 5

What is the action of the scapulocostal joint?

Answer 5

It is necessary to allow the smooth gliding of the scapula over the ribs

Question 6

The convex articular surface of the proximal humerus is directed in which positions?

Answer 6

Slightly posteriorly, medially and superiorly

Question 7

Fibrocartilagenous rim that encircles the fossa and provides a greater surface of contact for the humerus.

Answer 7

Glenoid labrum

Question 8

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

Answer 8

Provide stability by providing a greater surface area for contact with the humerus

Question 9

Which part of the clavicle is concave anteriorly?

Answer 9

Distal 1/3rd

Question 10

What structures does the proximal end of the clavicle articulate with?

Answer 10

upper and lateral edge of the Manubrium and the superior surface fo the first rib costocartilage

Question 11

What lies between the clavicle and the manubrium?

Answer 11

Intra-articular disc

Question 12

What is important about there being an intra-articular disc between the clavicle and manubrium?

Answer 12

It is important in preventing medial dislocations of the clavicle

Question 13

At what vertebral level is the spine of the scapula?

Answer 13

T3

Question 14

A ligament is painlessly palpated unless it is ___ or ___.

Answer 14

Injured or stretched

Question 15

Which ligament provides some reinforcement to the joint capsule anteriorly while helping to check external rotation and possibly abduction?

Answer 15

Glenohumeral ligaments

Question 16

Which ligament runs from the Coracoid process to the greater tubercle, reinforces the superior aspect of the capsule and checks for external rotation and possible extension?

Answer 16

Coracohumeral ligament

Question 17

Which ligament attaches across the greater and lesser tubercles and serves to contain the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle?

Answer 17

Transverse humoral ligament

Question 18

Which ligament strengthens the superior aspect of the joint capsule, but is intrinsically weak and gives way when a force is applied to the acromionprocess or glenohumeral joint from above?

Answer 18

Acromioclavicular ligament

Question 19

What are the two major stabilizing ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 19

The coracoclavicular ligaments (conoid and trapezoid ligaments)

Question 20

Which ligament twist on itself as it connects between the coracoid process and clavicle?

Answer 20

Conoid ligament

Question 21

Which ligament tightens on humoral abduction causing axial rotation of the clavicle which is necessary for full elevation of the arm?

Answer 21

Conoid ligament

Question 22

Which ligament connects between the coracoid process and the clavicle, but lies distal to the conoid ligament; its role is to check lateral movement of the clavicle, thereby preventing overriding of the clavicle on the acromion process?

Answer 22

Trapezoid ligament

Question 23

Which ligament prevents excessive scapular protraction by not allowing the scapuloclavicular angle to NARROW?

Answer 23

Trapezoid ligament

Question 24

Which ligament prevents excessive superior movement of the clavicle on the acromion as well as retraction of the scapula by not allowing the scapulclaviclar angle to WIDEN?

Answer 24

Conoid ligament

Question 25

Which ligaments reinforce the sternoclavicular joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 25

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

Question 26

Which ligaments reinforce the sternoclavicular joint capsule superiorly?

Answer 26

Inter-Clavicular ligaments

Question 27

Which ligament lies just lateral to the joint, attaches between the clavicle and fist rib and serves to check elevation of the clavicle - its posterior fibers prevent medial movement and anterior fibers prevent lateral movement of the clavicle?

Answer 27

Costoclavicular ligament

Question 28

How many bursae are found in the should joint?

Answer 28

8 or 9

Question 29

Why are there so many bursae in the GH joint?

Answer 29

Because of the high degree of mobility and number outs muscles necessary to provide stability of the joint and to reduce friction between the moving parts.

Question 30

Which 2 bursae of the shoulder are of clinical significance?

Answer 30

Subscapular bursae | Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursae

Question 31

Which bursa lies beneath the subscapular is muscle and overlies as well as communicates with the anterior joint capsule?

Answer 31

Subscapular bursa

Question 32

Distention of which bursa occurs with articular effusion?

Answer 32

Subscapular bursa

Question 33

Which bursa extends over the supraspinatus tendon and under the acromion process and the deltoid muscle?

Answer 33

Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa

Question 34

Which bursa is susceptible to impingement beneath the acromial arch and inflammation often follows supraspinatus tendinitis?

Answer 34

Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa

Question 35

What is another name for the subacromial bursa?

Answer 35

Subdeltoid bursa

Question 36

What is another name for the subdeltoid bursa?

Answer 36

Subacromial bursa

Question 37

Although muscle tendons tend to lend stability to the joint they DO NOT prevent what?

Answer 37

Downward dislocation

Question 38

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

Answer 38

``` SITS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis ```

Question 39

What prevents dislocation as they check the lateral excursion of the glenoid cavity which in turn allows downward movement of the humerus?

Answer 39

The horizontal fibers of the SITS muscles

Question 40

What are the factors that prevent downward dislocation of the shoulder?

Answer 40

The slope of the glenoid fossa Tightening of the upper part of the capsule Tightening of the coracohumeral ligament Supraspinatus muscle working with posterior deltoid

Question 41

The tendon of which muscle originates within the joint capsule from the upper margin of the glenoid fossa as a continuation of the glenoid labrum; penetrating the capsule and passing through the intertubercular groove?

Answer 41

Long head of the Biceps

Question 42

What muscles are responsible for flexion?

Answer 42

Anterior deltoid Coracobrachilais Pectoralis major

Question 43

Which muscles are responsible for extension?

Answer 43

Latissimus dorsi Teres major Posterior deltoid

Question 44

Which muscles are responsible for adduction?

Answer 44

Middle deltoid Supraspinatus Serratus anterior

Question 45

Which muscles are responsible for adduction?

Answer 45

Pectoralis major | Latissimus dorsi

Question 46

Which muscles are responsible for external rotation?

Answer 46

Infraspinatus Teres minor Posterior deltoid

Question 47

Which muscles are responsible for internal rotation?

Answer 47

``` Subscapularis Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major Anterior deltoid ```

Question 48

Which muscles are responsible for scapular stabilization?

Answer 48

Trapezius Serratus anterior Rhomboids

Question 49

Which muscles are responsible for scapular retraction (medial glide)?

Answer 49

Rhomboid major | Rhomboid minor

Question 50

Which muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?

Answer 50

Trapezius | Levator scapulae

Question 51

What is the closed packed position for the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 51

Full abduction with external rotation

Question 52

What is the closed packed position of the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 52

90 degrees of abduction

Question 53

What is the closed packed position for the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 53

Full arm elevation

Question 54

What is the loose packed position for the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 54

55 degrees of abduction with 30 degrees of horizontal adduction

Question 55

What is the loosed packed position of the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 55

Physiologic rest position

Question 56

What is the loose packed position for the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 56

Physiologic rest position

Question 57

The first 0-90 degrees of abduction is a coupled motion of which two muscles?

Answer 57

Supraspinatus and deltoid