GI Flashcards
(17 cards)
GERD
caused by acidic stomach contents entering the esophagus
From relaxed or weakened esophageal sphincter
Heartburn, dysphagia, dyspepsia, chest pain, nausea, belching
GERD Treatment
Acid suppression
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Erosion of mucosal lining of stomach/duodenum
H. Pylori bacteria
Also caused by NSAIDS
PUD Pharmacotherapy
H2 receptor antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
Antacids
Antibiotics
H2 Receptor Antagonists
H2 receptors increase stomach acid Blockers slow acid secretion - drug of choice for PUD and GERD CIMETIDINE Not many side effects, OTC Elderly - look at kidney/liver function Long term use can lead to B12 deficiency
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Used for PUD and GERD
Reduce acid in stomach by irreversible binding of enzymes responsible for hydrochloric acid production
More long acting/higher reduction of acid than H2
Sleep with head elevated 30 degrees
Minor side effects, report GI bleeds, pain, heartburn
Antibiotics
To kill H. Pylori ex. Amoxicillin
Elimination of bacteria can allow for ulcer to heal more quickly
Constipation Medications
Bulk-forming Stool softener Stimulants Osmotic laxatives Adverse effects: abdominal distension, cramping, diarrhea
Antidiarrheals
OTC for simple
Opioids for more complex
Opioids
Slows peristalsis in the colon
Nausea and Vomiting
Anticholinergics Antihistamines Cannabinoids Glucocorticoids Phenothiazines Serotonin receptor antagonists
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ulcers in the intestinal tract
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative Colitis
IBD Pharmacotherapy
Both immunosuppressants and anti inflammatory meds used
5-ASA and corticosteroids
Not a cure but reduce symptoms and keep in remission
Bulk Forming
Metamucil
Fibre
Increases regularity
Drink lots of water
Osmotic Laxative
Increase water secreted into the bowels
Effectively in days
Stimulant
Increases peristalsis
Working in 6-12 hours
Stool softener
Deceased surface tension of stool so they absorb more water
Effective in 12-72 hours
