GI

Question 1

Parietal cells: secrete _________ (5)
Chief cells: secrete ___________
Surface mucosal cells: secrete __________(2)

Answer 1

Parietal cells: secrete HCl, Ca, Na, Mg and intrinsic factor
Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen
Surface mucosal cells: secrete mucus and bicarbonate

Question 2

5 Fs for the risk factors of developing gallstones:

Answer 2

Fat (Body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2)
Female
Fertile
Fair (caucasian)
Forty (age greater than or equal to 40 years)

Question 3

The _________ is the most likely area to be affected by ischaemic colitis

Answer 3

splenic flexure

Question 4

Initial management of mild diverticulitis

Answer 4

oral antibiotics, a liquid diet and analgesia

Question 5

The rectum has the potential to generate secretions rich in ________

Answer 5

potassium

Question 6

Gastric adenocarcinoma - ________cells

Answer 6

signet ring

Question 7

1 contraindication to laparoscopic surgery

Answer 7

Significantly raised intracranial pressure is a

Question 8

Barretts oesophagus is what to what

Answer 8

Barretts oesophagus is the metaplasia of epithelial cells of the lower oesophagus from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium

Question 9

classic features of irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 9

Abdominal pain, Bloating and Change in bowel habit are classic features of irritable bowel syndrome

Question 10

The WHO defines chronic diarrhoea as >__days

Answer 10

14

Question 11

Replacement of ____________ is part of the management of patients with chronic pancreatitis to help aid digestion of food

Answer 11

pancreatic enzymes (e.g. Creon)

Question 12

Crohn’s disease is linked to a a genetic defect in the ______ gene.

Answer 12

NOD-2

Question 13

Peptic ulcer disease (acute bleeding): first-line treatment

Answer 13

endoscopic intervention

Question 14

_________ can lead to steatorrhoea and Vitamin A, D, E, K malabsorption

Answer 14

Bile acid malabsorption

Question 15

Use of ______ can cause a rise in faecal calprotectin

Answer 15

NSAIDs

Question 16

autoimmune disease caused by antibodies to intrinsic factor +/- gastric parietal cellsautoimmune destruction of gastroparietal cells

Answer 16

Pernicious anaemia

Question 17

_____ increases HCL production and gastrointestinal motility

Answer 17

Gastrin

Question 18

a fistula in ano will be lined by______ cells.

Answer 18

squamous

Question 19

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: most common organism found on ascitic fluid culture is _____

Answer 19

E. coli

Question 20

________ adenomas carry the highest risk of malignant transformation

Answer 20

Villous

Question 21

Duodenal polyps occur in up to _____% of patients with FAP if follow up is continued for long enough.

Answer 21

100

Duodenal cancer has an incidence of 4-10%.

Question 22

pseudocyst vs true cyst (in pancreas)

Answer 22

A pseudocyst is surrounded in granulation tissue, as opposed to a true cyst which is surrounded with epithelial tissue

Question 23

asc cholangitis presentation + what is raised on bloods

Answer 23

charcots triad

• fever
• jaundice
• RUQ pain

WBC is raised

Question 24

What is Courvoiseier’s sign?

Answer 24

Courvoisier’s sign - a palpable gallbladder in the presence of painless jaundice is unlikely to be gallstones

SEEN IN CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

Question 25

which hepatitis type increases hepatocellucar carcinoma risk

Answer 25

Hep B, C, D