GI

Question 1

Gingival hypertrophy

Answer 1

Gingivectomy/biting on own gums -> side effect of calcium change blockers or phenytoin

Question 2

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 2

Achalasia
(If in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction)

Question 3

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

Answer 3

Acute pancreatitis

Question 4

Murphy sign positiv

Answer 4

Cholecystitis

Question 5

Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

Answer 5

Biliary obstruction

Question 6

Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 6

Portal hypertension + ascites

Question 7

Pyoderma gangrenosum, eryhtema nodosum

Answer 7

Crohn’s/UC

Question 8

“Tinkling bowel sounds”

Answer 8

Bowel obstruction

Question 9

Vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 9

Coeliac disease

Question 10

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)

Answer 10

Gastric cancer

Question 11

Urea breath test

Answer 11

H. Pylori

Question 12

Carbon-14 breath test

Answer 12

Bacterial overgrowth

Question 13

Rice water like stools

Answer 13

Vibrio cholera

Question 14

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Answer 14

Presence of AMA (anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Question 15

Autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 15

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Question 16

Alpha feto protein assay

Answer 16

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 17

Cobblestone mucosa - indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Answer 17

Found in Crohn’s disease

Question 18

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 18

Spironolactone

Question 19

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 19

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 20

Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk

Answer 20

Campylobacter

Question 21

Russell’s sign

Answer 21

Self induced vomiting

Question 22

Mallorys hyaline bodies

Answer 22

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 23

Crypt abscess / cryptitis

Answer 23

Inflammatory bowel Crohn’s

Question 24

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

Answer 24

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 25

Signet ring cells seen on biopsy

Answer 25

Linitis plastica- diffuse stomach cancer

Question 26

Thumb-printing on x-ray commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 26

Ischaemic colitis

Question 27

Chariots triad

Answer 27

Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithasis

Question 28

Causes for abdominal mass;

Answer 28

A CHEMICAL - AAA - Crohn’s - hernia - enlarged organ - malignancy - intersusception, - cyst or abscess - appendicitis - lymphadenopathy

Question 29

Causes for bowel obstruction

Answer 29

BATH VIPS - bolus - adhesions - tumour - hernia -volvulus - intersussception - pseudo-obstruction - stricture

Question 30

Side effect of spironolactone

Answer 30

Gynaecomastia

Question 31

Dental stuff

Answer 31

Indicator of recent damage / prolonged history of damage

Question 32

What type of mouth do people with Crohns have?

Answer 32

Stomatitis gangrenosum

Question 33

Replacement of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Answer 33

Barrett’s oesophagus / precancer

Question 34

Dukes classification

Answer 34

A - confined to bowel wall B - local spread outwith bowel wall C- lymph node metastases

Question 35

Thumb printing at splenic flexure

Answer 35

Ischaemic colitis