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GI Flashcards

1
Q

Atresia

A

Absent or abnormal narrowing

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2
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing

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3
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal connection between two body parts

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4
Q

Malposition

A

Not in the right spot

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5
Q

Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy

A

Overgrown

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6
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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7
Q

-cele

A

Swelling

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8
Q

-schisis

A

Cleft or split

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9
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Definition

A

Incomplete fusion of the lip and/or palate in utero

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10
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Assessment

A

-Severity?
-Unilateral or bilateral lips?
-Involves hard or soft palate or both?

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11
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment

A

-Correct at appropriate times d/t feeding/speech interference
-Close lip first (3-5m) by plastic surgery
-Close palate next (6-12m)

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12
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Education/Care

A

-Feeding/nutrition: they can breastfeed, upright position, burp frequently, get good seal on nipple to let less air in, LAMB nipple, maybe G tube or syringe, have suction ready
-Promote bonding
-Respiratory assessment
-Interdisciplinary care: ENT
-Post OP: elbow restraints, manage pain, look at suture site, no nipple/paci/straw/spoon/fork for a bit, need IV fluids, clear liquid diet, no hard toys, no objects in mouth

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13
Q

Cleft Lip and Palate Complications

A

-otitis media
-respiration distress r/t aspiration
-infection
-dental
-speech delays
-self-esteem

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14
Q

Esophageal Atresia (EA) & Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) Definition

A

-EA: blind pouch
-TEF: opening from trachea by fistula

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15
Q

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Assessment

A

-3 C’s -cyanosis, choking, coughing
-Excessive drooling and salivation
-Respiratory status
-Other congenital anomalies
-Food comes right back out of the nose or into trachea (w/ TEF)
-NG tubes can’t go down to stomach

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16
Q

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Treatment

A

-Medical emergency
-Surgical repair
-Bronchoscoopy

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17
Q

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Education/Care

A

-Respiratory status: have suction available,
-Nutrition: TPN/Lipids, G-tube, strict I/Os, daily weights
-Emotional support
-Introduce food back slowly after repair

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18
Q

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Complications

A

-GERD
-Aspiration
-Stricture formation
-Leak
-Tracheomalacia

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19
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Definition

A

-Thickening and tightening of the pyloric sphincter (at base of stomach)
-2-8 weeks after birth

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20
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Assessment

A

-Projectile vomiting
-Constant hunger
-Weight loss
-Olive shaped mass in RUQ
-Peristatic wave
-Dehydration
-Dx: ABD US

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21
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Treatment

A

-Medical emergency
-Surgical repair - pylorotomy

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22
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Education/Care

A

-Nutrition: pyloric protocol (small amt of Pedialyte until formula), strict I/Os, daily weights
-Emotional support

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23
Q

Pyloric Stenosis Complications

A

-Surgical site infection
-Dehydration
-Feeding intolerance

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24
Q

GERD Definiton

A

-Backflow of stomach contents to esophagus

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25
GERD Assessment
-Regurgitation -Hunger -Irritability -Monitor feeding patterns -Dx: Upper GI, pH probe monitoring
26
GERD Treatment
-Feeding modification: small meals, thicken formula, slow-flow nipple, avoid spicy/fried foods -Positioning: upright -Meds: PPI, H2 receptor agonists -Surgery or G-tube for severe cases
27
GERD Education/Care
-Suction ready -Monitor respiratory status -Strict I/Os, daily weights -Feeding education
28
GERD Complications
-Aspiration -Poor weight gain -Sleep difficulties
29
Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Definition
-OC: through umbilical cord, covered w/ a membrane -GS: no sac/membrane covering organs, usually right side
30
Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Assessment
-Location -Presence of membrane -Color of ABD contents, moistness
31
Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Treatment
-Surgical repair to correct defect -GS: silo mesh device allows organs to slowly go back in body as child grows
32
Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Education/Care
-Protect protruding ABD organs -Prevent complications -Promote bonding -Emotional support -NPO and on TPN
33
Omphalocele & Gastroschisis Complications
-Hypothermia -Infection -Injury
34
Intussusception Definition
-Telescoping or invagination of bowel segment into itself
35
Intussusception Assessment
-Family Hx -Red currant jelly stool -Sudden severe pain -Vomiting -Periods of comfort then acute pain -Palpable sausage shaped ABD mass -Dx: US
36
Intussusception Treatment
-Medical emergent -Barium enema or air enema to get bowel back out -Surgery
37
Intussusception Education/Care
-Pain control -NG tube to decompress ABD -Hydration: on IV fluids -Monitor for return of bowel function
38
Intussusception Complication
-Bowel obstruction -Bowel necrosis -Post-op infections -Dehydration
39
Volvulus Definition
-Malrotation of intestine
40
Volvulus Assessment
-Bilious vomiting -Firm ABD w/ distention -Irritability -Passage of bloody stools
41
Volvulus Treatment
-Medical emergency -Surgical repair -Maybe colostomy
42
Volvulus Education/Care
-Pain control -NPO -IV fluids -Pre/Post op teaching
43
Volvulus Complications
-Bowel obstruction -Bowel necrosis -Short bowel syndrome -death -Ostomy
44
Anorectal Malformation Definition
Anomalies of rectum, urinary, and reproductive system -Imperforate anus -Anal stenosis -Fistula
45
Anorectal Malformation Assessment
-Other congenital anomalies -Failure to pass meconium -Stool in urine Dx: US
46
Anorectal Malformation Treatment
-Surgery -Dilations
47
Anorectal Malformation Education/Care
-Assess anatomy at birth -IV fluids, NG tube -NPR: no meds or temps -Colostomy care -Emotional support -Colostomy reversal -Pain meds -Skin care
48
Anorectal Malformation Complications
-Infection -Bowel obstruction -Colostomy -Difficulties w/ toilet training
49
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Definition
-ABD contents protrude into thoracic cavity through opening in diaphragm
50
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Assessment
-Respiratory distress -Cyanosis -Dyspnea -Shape of chest and ABD
51
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Treatment
-Life threatening -Surgery
52
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Education/Care
-Immediate respiratory support in NICU: intubation, vent, ecmo -Positioning -NG tube to decompress ABD -Decrease simulation -Emotional support -Observe for respiratory compromise -Post op: positioning, pain meds
53
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Complications
-Death from RDS -Post-op infections -Reoccurence
54
Umbilical Hernia Definition
-Weak or imperfectly closed umbilical ring
55
Umbilical Hernia Assessment
-Soft swelling covered by skin -Easily reduced by pushing back through fibrous ring -May increase in size when bear down, coughing or crying -Usually not painful
56
Umbilical Hernia Treatment
-Surgery if strangulation or doesn't resolve by 3-5 years or grows larger by 1-2 years
57
Umbilical Hernia Education/Care
-Reducible vs. strangulation
58
Umbilical Hernia Complications
-Strangulation -Need for surgical repair
59
Acute Diarrhea
- <14 days -Secondary to GI infection, URI, UTI, ABX, laxatives, gastroenteritis, Rotavirus
60
Chronic Diarrhea
- >14 days -Short gut syndrome, malabsorption, food allergies, inflammatory bowel disease
61
Diarrhea Assessment
-Bristol stool scale -Home treatments -Food intake -Sick contacts -S/Sx of dehydration -Stool culture -Vomiting
62
Diarrhea Treatment
-Hydration -Oral rehydration -Possible medications -IV fluids if needed -Electrolyte management -Barrier cream
63
Diarrhea Education/Care
-Hydration -Strict I&O, including stool -Daily weight -Hand hygiene -Diet
64
Diarrhea Complications
-Dehydration -Severe, electrolyte imbalances -Skin breakdown
65
Functional Constipation Definition
-Absence of structural, endocrine or metabolic conditions that cause hard stools
66
Functional Constipation Assessment
-Bristol Stool Scale -Review diet -Toileting habits
67
Functional Constipation Treatment
-Dietary management -Bathroom privileges at school -Behavior management -Pharmacologic management -Decompaction -Maintenance therapy -Fiber/Fluids
68
Functional Constipation Education/Care
-Diet -Activity -Infants- 2 oz. apple or pear juice daily -Bathroom routines
69
Functional Constipation Complications
-Fecal impaction -Psychological stress
70
Encopresis Definition
-Recurrent soiling or at inappropriate times -Voluntary or involuntary retention of stool leads to constipation, dilation of lower bowel and incompetence of inner sphincter
71
Encopresis Assessment
-Bristol Stool Scale -Review diet -Toileting habits -Painful BM
72
Encopresis Treatment
-Encourage regular bathroom times -Emotional support -Positive reinforcement -Diet -Toilet-training techniques
73
Encopresis Complications
-Fecal impaction -Constipation -Bowel incontinence -Psychological stress
74
Colic Definition
-Severe abdominal pain 3 hours and occurs at least 3 days per week.
75
Colic Assessment
-Crying loudly and continuously -Face may become flushed -ABD distended and tense -Episodes occur at the same time each day -Legs draw up, tense, clench hands
76
Colic Treatment
-Supportive care -Gas drops- Mylicon -Formula changes
77
Colic Education/Care
-Rule out other causes -Support parents
78
Colic Complications
-Psychological stress -Fatigue
79
Hirschsprung's Disease Definition
-Congenital aganglionic megacolon that starts at the anus and progresses proximally -Paralyzing
80
Hirschsprung's Disease Assessment
-Failure to pass meconium in 1st 48hrs -ABD distention -Dx: biopsy
81
Hirschsprung's Disease Treatment
-Surgical removal of the non-functioning colon -Maybe colostomy -TPN/Lipids
82
Hirschsprung's Disease Education/Care
-Monitor I&O, fluid and electrolyte balance -Teach parents TPN or feeding regimen
83
Appendicitis Definition
-Inflammation of the appendix caused by an obstruction
84
Appendicitis Assessment
-Periumbilical cramps -ABD tenderness -Fever -Pain in RLQ most intense at McBurney’s point -Progressive -Dx: CT
85
Appendicitis Complications
-Rupture -Peritonitis
86
Crohn's Disease Definition
-Inflammation and ulceration of GI tract -Patchy and anywhere from mouth to anus
87
Crohn's Disease Assessment
-More subtle: steady/colicky pain RLQ -Diarrhea -Flatulence -Excess fat in stool -Malaise -Joint pain -Weight loss -Delayed growth
88
Ulcerative Colitis Definition
-Inflammation of large intestine and rectal mucosa -Continuous and limited
89
Ulcerative Colitis Assessment
-1st sign: diarrhea -Cramping during and after BM -Blood and mucus in stool -Joint pain -Weight loss Delayed growth
90
Crohn Disease & Ulcerative Colitis Treatment
Dx: colonoscopy w/ biopsy -Crohn's: ulcers reoccur -UC: Can remove diseased bowel -Temporary colostomy -Medication
91
Crohn Disease & Ulcerative Colitis Education/Care
-Monitor for Sx of anemia -I&O, daily weight, fluid status -Support patient and family -Nutrition -Pain Management
92
Crohn Disease & Ulcerative Colitis Complications
-Psychological stress -Increased risk of cancer with Crohn -Colostomy temporary or permanent
93
Celiac Disease Definition
-Immunologic disorder characterized by intolerance for gluten (found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats)
94
Celiac Disease Assessment
-Steatorrhea: increased fat in stool -ABD Pain -ABD distention -Lack of energy -Muscle wasting -Chronic diarrhea -Malabsorption of Fat-Soluble Vitamins -Dx: Colonoscopy w/ biopsy
95
Celiac Disease Treatment
-Eliminate gluten
96
Celiac Disease Education/Care
-Multi-disciplinary care -Support family and pt
97
Lactose Intolerance Definition
-Inability to digest lactose
98
Lactose Intolerance Assessment
-ABD pain -Flatulence -Diarrhea -Hx -Dx: hydrogen breath test
99
Lactose Intolerance Treatment
-Eliminate lactose -Lactose tablets
100
Lactose Intolerance Education/Care
-Nutrition education -Support parent and pt
101
Short Bowel Syndrome Definition
-Decreased ability to absorb nutrients bc of a shortened intestine -Congenital bowel anomaly or from a surgery (bowel resection)
102
Short Bowel Syndrome Assessment
-Diarrhea: quickly after eating
103
Short Bowel Syndrome Treatment
-Nutrition consult -Possible TPN/Lipids
104
Short Bowel Syndrome Education/Care
-Monitor I&O, fluid and electrolyte balance -Teach parents TPN or feeding regimen

Child Health Care (7 decks)

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