GI Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the function of the GI tract?
Large intestine – water absorption but primarily waste fxn
Change in motility, obstruction, accessory diseases, inflammation/infection, stress, NSAIDS, cigarettes, coffee can affect
digestion/absorption
Assessment includes:
Hx, meds, pain levels ,location (abdomen - acute or not), duration, diagnostic tests (endoscopy), fluid and electrolytes, CBC, PE – sores, dry mouth, tongue, teeth?, issues w/ swallowing, rectal exam, rectum (stool quality - soft, color?), food diary
Peristalsis and nutrition, immobility, medications, dehydration, anorexia, age, infections are all
risk factors
Upper GI issues will result in
bright red, tarry black stool, coffee grounds
Nausea is the feeling to vomit while vomiting is the
expulsion of gastric contents
Condition associated with N/V, amount, odor, content- undigested food, mucus, parasites, foreign bodies, color- green, red, coffee ground, black, brown
Assessment of vomit
Placement of a NG tube helps
Decrease nausea, keeps stomach empty, sumps gastric secretions
Antiemetic drugs include
Zofran and Reglan
Prevention of N/V include
Water, clear liquids, warm cola, increase in amount if no vomiting, dry toast, crackers, bland food, avoid foods that stimulate peristalsis (high fat foods, orange juice, caffeine, high fiber foods, extremely hot or cold foods)
Medical constipation is not noted until how many days without a BM?
3 days
How would treat/assess a pt with constipation?
Assist physician in treating the underlying cause of constipation, encourage to eat HIGH fiber diet to increase the bulk, increase fluid intake, administer prescribed laxatives, stool softeners, assist in relieving stress
Record the color, volume, frequency, and consistency of stools, identify factors that cause or contribute to diarrhea, eliminate gas-producing and spicy foods, Eliminate by trial foods containing lactose, eat a low-fiber, high-protein, high-calorie diet, use ant-idiarrheal medications, monitor skin, record weight regularly, rest the bowel are interventions for
Diarrhea
Diagnostic testing for the GI include:
Gastric analysis
Lab tests; serum, urine, X-rays Endoscopy, gastroscopy, EGD, ERCP, Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy( >55)
Gastric analysis includes
Aspiration of gastric juice to measure pH, appearance, volume and contents, Pre-test: NPO 8 hours, avoidance of stimulants, drugs and smoking, post-test: resume normal activities
Medications available for bowel prep include:
Polyethylene glycol (GOLYTELY - large sugar molecule to induce diarrhea), magnesium citrate, and senna
Enteral feedings are
intermittent, continuous in the small intestine, duodenum, and GI tract (kangaroo)
Parenteral feedings include
feedings inside the body for IV/medication administration
This is a long term feeding tube, however, it call roll up and move placement
Dophoff
What is a miller abbott feeding tube?
It is long and goes into the small intestine
What is a salem tube?
Short term
Name some nursing diagnoses for GI.
Altered elimination, N/V, FVD, pain, discomfort, Nutrition, Malabsorption, Metabolic, Self care deficit- feeding, elimination, Tissue integrity, Skin integrity, Risk of infection, Risk of injury
Nursing management of surgery includes:
Wound care, drains: JP, hemovac, penrose (latex tube that is pinned in), T tubes, Blood loss, Acute pain, Fluid loss, shifts (Third space phenomena), Complications – elimination, obstruction, bleed out
Nursing interventions for GI include:
Anticipation; pain, nausea
Monitor bowel sounds, elimination, I/O is a way to check fluid balance, nutritional (arrange for feeds
encourage supplements, dietary consults – no MD order required, Tube feedings)
