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GI Flashcards

GI conditions and medications (71 cards)

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1
Q

Diseases associated with gastric hyperacidity

A

acid reflux (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), esophageal damage

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2
Q

parietal cell secretes

A

hydrochloric acid

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3
Q

parietal cell receptors

A

histamine, gastrin, H+, K+, ATPase pump
acetylcholine

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4
Q

antacids MOA

A

alkaline compound to neutralize stomach acids, stimulates production of prostaglandins, mucus, HCO3

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5
Q

antacids indication

A

PUD, gastritis, heartburn(GERD)

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6
Q

antacid contraindication

A

allergy, renal failure/electrolyte disturbances

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7
Q

antacids: nursing

A

teach pt to avoid caffeine, harsh spices, black pepper

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8
Q

antacids compounds

A

aluminum, calcium, magnesium (MOM: SE– diarrhea, mag toxicity with renal impairment), sodium (uses: maintains pH balance/ESRD. Avoid with HTN/CHF)

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9
Q

H2 receptor antagonists MOA

A

binds to H2 receptor on parietal cells, reduces hydrogen ion secretion

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10
Q

H2 receptor antagonists uses

A

GERD, PUD

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11
Q

H2 receptor antagonist SE

A

CNS changes (especially elderly)

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12
Q

H2 receptor antagonists

A

famotidine (pepcid) – decrease dose with elderly/renal
cimetidine (tagamet)

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13
Q

proton pump inhibitors (PPI) claim to fame!!

A

most effective antiulcer medications woot woot

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14
Q

PPI MOA

A

Irreversibly inhibits H+, K+, ATPase pump

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15
Q

PPI uses

A

erosive esophagitis, GERD, ulcers

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16
Q

PPI SE

A

possible risk for GI infections (because stomach juices are more basic, and acid does better job at combating things)

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17
Q

examples of PPIs

A

pantoprazole (protonix)
esomeprazole (nexium)

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18
Q

sucralfate (carafate) MOA

A

protective barrier against environment to work

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19
Q

sucralfate indications

A

acute ulcers, PUD

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20
Q

sucralfate SE

A

constipation

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21
Q

sucralfate: nursing

A

take 1 hour AC and at HS

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22
Q

misoprostol (cytotec) classification

A

prostaglandin E analogue

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23
Q

misporostol GI use

A

decrease ulcers with long term aspirin use

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24
Q

misoprostol SE

A

HA, GI cramping, diarrhea, vaginal bleeding

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25
misprostol PLLR
causes uterine contractions -- used for abortions
26
antiflatulant
simethicone (mylicon)
27
diarrhea intestinal result
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
28
acute vs chronic diarrhea
acute: 3 days - 2 weeks chronic: more than three weeks
29
antidiarrheal contraindication
colitis, GI obstruction, pseudomembranous colitis (toxic megacolon)
30
absorbents MOA
coat GI wall and bind to bacteria/toxin
31
absorbents
activated charcoal, bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-bismol) *can cause reys syndrome in kids
32
anticholinergics MOA
decrease peristalsis, GI muscle tone, secretions
33
anticholinergics
hyoscyamine, diphenoxylate+atropine (lomotil) --> opioid agonist
34
opioids MOA
decrease intestinal motility/ decreased GI pain increased GI absorption
35
opioids
diphenoxylate+atropine (lomotil) loperamide (lmodium)
36
probiotics MOA
replenish normal GI bacteria/suppress diarrhea causing bacteria
37
probiotics
lactobacillus organisms
38
constipation
abnormal, infrequent, difficult passage of stool
39
causes of constipation
drug SE, lifestyle, metabolic/endocrine, neurogenic disorders
40
laxative MOA
ease/stimulate defecation produce soft, formed stool over 1+ days
41
laxative contraindications
acute surgical abdomen appendicitis (abd pain, n/v) obstruction undx abd pain
42
bulk forming laxatives claim to fame!!
most natural and safest, acts like fiber (take with lots of water)
43
bulk forming laxative
psyllium (metamucil)
44
emollient laxative MOA
lubricates stool/intestines by pulling in water and fat to soften stool *makes it easier to go
45
emollient laxative
docusate sodium (colase) mineral oil
46
hyperosmotic laxatives MOA
increases water in stool; promotes peristalsis/evacuation *makes you go
47
hyperosmotic laxatives
Polyethylene glycol (Miralax) Lactulose (Chronulac)
48
lactulose also used for?
hepatic encephalopathy to decrease ammonia level (15-45u/dL)
49
stimulant laxative MOA
directly causes intestinal peristalsis *makes you go
50
stimulant laxatives
bisacodyl (dulcolax) senna (sennakot)
51
antocholinergics MOA
bind to and block ACH in the brain dry up secretions and reduce smooth muscle spasms
52
antihistamines (H1 blockers) SE
dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness
52
anticholinergic SE
dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness
53
54
54
antihistamines
dimenhydrinate (dramamine) diphenhydramine (benadryl)
55
antidopaminergics (dopamine blocker) MOA
some anticholinergic effects (ACH) block dopamine receptors -- antipsychotic effects
56
anticholinergic SE
dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, EPS (parkinsonism effects) / NMS
57
anticholinergics
prochlorperazine (compro) promethazine (phenergan)
58
prokinetic MOA
dopamine blockers, increases GI motility, increases gastric emptying
59
prokinetics use
delaeyd gastric emptying, GERD, N/V
60
prokinetic SE
drowsiness, depression, suicidal thoughts, EPS/NMS, seizures
61
prokinetics
metoclopramide (reglan)
62
serotonin blockers MOA
block serotonin receptors in GI, CTS, medulla
63
serotonin blockers use
n/v r/t chemotherapy, post op, ratiation
64
serotonin blockers SE
HA, diarrhea
65
prototype serotonin blocker
ondansteron
66
tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) use
n/v w chemotherapy, appetite stimulant w AIDS
67
THC contradictions
psychiatric disorders
68
THC SE
drowsieness, euphoria, vision changes
69
THC
Dronabinol (marinol) -- schedule 3

pharmacology (6 decks)

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