Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pediatrics > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

(41 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Difficulty swallowing
Feeding refusal
Vomiting

What should this raise concern for?

A

Foreign body ingestion

Coins = #1

Flex endoscopy = dx and tx

Observe only if pt is NOT symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intussusception

  • what is it
  • age group
  • triggers
  • sx
  • dx
  • tx
A

Telescoping of one bowel into another

Usually between 6-24 mo age

Triggers:

  • preceeding viral infections –> Peyer patches hyperplasia
  • Meckel’s diverticulum
  • Polyps and hematomas (HENOCH-SCHONLEIN purpura!)

If kid is older and getting intussusception, should think about pathologic lead point like Meckel’s diverticulum

Sx:

  • periodic pain (crampy, colicky)
  • emesis before ab pain
  • currant jelly stools (late finding)
  • sausage shaped mass in RUQ (invagination of ileum into colon causes obstructive mass to be found in RUQ)

Dx

  • Ultrasound will discover target sign
  • -> 100% sen and specific during period of pain
  • Barium enema will see coil spring sign

Tx

  • air enemas
  • water soluble contrast enema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cleft lip cause

A

Medial nasal and maxillary processes fail to join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cleft palate cause

A

Failure of palatal shelves to fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Black hairy tongue

A

result of elongation of filform papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secretory Diarrhea

A

Binds receptor on epithelium to induce diarrhea

Watery
Large volume

Normal osmolarity - electrolyte loss

Persists even w/o PO intake

Causes:

  • cholera
  • toxigenic E coli
  • neorblastoma
  • C diff
  • cryptosporidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osmotic diarrhea

A

2/2 ingestion of poorly absorbed solute or one not absorbed due to defect (eg lactase deficiency)

Lesser volume

Dec diarrhea w/ fasting

Increased osmolarity - free fatty acids released from CHO fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Motility disorders

A

Loose to normal appearing stool

Ex:

  • IBS
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mucosal inflammation

A

Decreased mucosal surface area and colonc reabsorption, increased motility

  • Blood and WBC in stool (dysentery)

Ex:

  • Celiac
  • salmonella
  • shigella
  • amebiasis
  • rotavirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Obstipation

A

Absence of bowel mvmts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should you consider in neonate w/ constipation?

A

HIrschsprung until proven otherwise!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dx hirschsprung

A

Bx of rectosigmoid region
- no ganglion cell

Barium enema - megacolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Encopresis

A

voluntary or involuntary fecal soiling in children who have usually already been toilet trained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anal tone in Hirschsprung

A

Normal

No rectal stool present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Duodenal atresia

A

Obstruction 2/2 failure of recanalization of duodenal lumen

20-30% pts w/ duodenal atresia have trisomy 21

1/10,000 live births

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Duodenal atresia

  • presentation
  • dx
  • tx
A

Usually present on 1st day life

  • bilious vomiting
  • no ab distension
  • +/- hx polyhydramnios

Double bubble on xray

Tx w/ surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux + opsithotonus

What do you think of?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sandifer syndrome

18
Q

Standard for dx GERD

19
Q

Incidence hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Risk factors

Study These Flashcards
A

3/1000

Boys > girls (esp 1st born boy)

  • Erythromycin
  • formula feeding
20
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

  • presentation
  • dx
  • tx
Study These Flashcards
A

Nonbilious projectile vomiting > 3 wks old

Olive in abdomen palpated
+/- jaundice, wt loss, dehydration

Dx

  • Ab US - thickened pylorus
  • barium swallow
  • hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

Tx

  • fluid rehydration
  • correct electrolytes
  • surgery
21
Q

Crohns disease

  • presentation
  • dx
  • tx
  • complications
Study These Flashcards
A

Usually more extraintestinal manifestations than UC

Arthritis
Wt loss
Ab pain - crampy
Diarrhea +/- blood
Perianal disease (fistula)

Can occur anywhere along GI tract

Dx

  • String sign w/ upper GI studies
  • skip lesions
  • fistulas
  • increased ESR
  • colonoscopy + bx to dx

Tx

  • steroids
  • aminosalicylates
  • azathioprine + metronidazole for fistulas
  • cyclosporine
  • tacrolimus
  • TNF alpha

Complications

  • malabsorb
  • FTT
  • wt loss
22
Q

Ulcerative colitis

  • presentation
  • dx
  • tx
  • complications
Study These Flashcards
A

Usually only in colon
Blood diarrhea + mucus
Ab pain + tenesmus

Moderate = > 6 stools/day, fever, anemia, hypoalbuminemia

Severe = anemia, fever, leukocytosis, tachy

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Dx

  • dx of exclusion
  • sx present 3-4 weeks
  • anemia
  • endoscopy
  • -> mucosa friable + bleeds easily
  • NO skip lesions

Tx

  • aminosalicylates
  • sulfasalazine
  • steroids
  • surgery - total colectomy

Complications
- higher risk colon cancer

23
Q

Meckel Diverticulum - what is it?

Study These Flashcards
A

1 congenital anomaly of GI tract

Vestigial remnant of omphalomesenteric duct

24
Q

Meckel diverticulum risk factors/etiology

Study These Flashcards
A 
2% infants
2 yo - peak incidence
2 types of tissue - ectopic gastric mucosa
2 cm size
2 ft from ileocecal valve
25
Meckel - presentation - dx - tx
Painless rectal bleeding Dx - technetium scan Tx - surgery
26
Prune Belly (Eagle Barrett Syndrome)
2/2 congenital absence of anterior ab wall muscles Triad: - urinary anomalies (hypoplastic kidneys, hydronephrosis, hydroureter) - no ab wall muscles - undescended testes 95% are males
27
Umbilical polyp
persistence of omphalomesenteric duct or urchus. Tissue is firm, red, with mucoid secretion. Tx is surgery
28
Breastfeeding failure jaundice
Seen in breastfed only kids (no formula) not getting enough breast milk Feeding insufficiency --> insufficient caloric intake --> prolongs intestinal transit time --> increased absorption of unconj bilirubin through enterohepatic circulation Occurs in 1st wk of life Lose > 10% BW Decreased wet diapers Decreased stools Tx: - promote and support successful breastfeeding - increase feedings
29
Normal diapers and wt loss/gain in first week for babies
15-20 min / breast, 8x/day 4-6 wet diapers / day 8-12 stools/day lose 10% of birth weight in first week
30
Breast milk jaundice
Factor in human milk increases bilirubin enterohepatic circulation UNCONJUGATED (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia into 3rd and later weeks of life Tx: - temporary stop of breastfeeding if bilirubin very high - otherwise, no tx
31
Extensive fatty vacuolization of liver without inflammation Hepatomegaly No icterus What is this?
Reye syndrome = fatty live + encephalopathy Seen in kids < 15 yo Diffuse mt injury --> N/V, HA, excitability, delirium, liver failure progressive CNS damage ``` Labs: Increased AST, ALT Increased ammonia PT increased Hypoglycemia Metabolic acidosis ``` Tx: - glucose - FFP - mannitol (for cerebral edema)
32
Balloon degeneration w/ polymorphic cellular infiltrates in liver
Acute alcoholic hepatitis
33
Panlobular mononuclear infiltration w/ hepatic cell necrosis
Acute viral hepatitis Kupffer (macrophages) phagocytose hepatocellular debris
34
Neonatal jaundice with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is suggestive of...
noenatal cholestasis
35
Indications to evaluate neonatal jaundice
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (even if baby is otherwise nl) Jaundice in 1st 24-36 htss life Serum bilirubin rising rate > 5mg/dL /24hr Serum bilirubin > 12mg/dL in full term or 10-14 mg/dL in preterm Jaundice persisting after 10-14d life Presence of signs or sx
36
Is the abdomen distended in duodenal atresia
No! | Air cannot pass the duodenum
37
Best way to avoid necrotizing enterocolitis
premies and LBW higher risk! Decreased rates of NEC in breastfed premies
38
Hischsprung highly assoc w/ what genetic condition?
Down sydnrome
39
Meconium ileus vs hirschsprung
Meconium ileus - ileum obstruction - plugs are super thick and won't propel so won't have "squirt sign" = expulsion of feces w/ rectal - meconium is inspissated - assoc w/ CF Hischsprung - assoc w/ down - + squirt sign - meconium consistency is normal
40
Jejunal atresia
Vascular accident in utero Triple bubble sign and gasless colon on Ab Xray P/w bilious vomiting + ab distension Risk factors: - exposure to cocaine and other vasoconstrictive drugs
41
Midgut volvulus onset
After 4-5 days after birth

Pediatrics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions