GI

Question 1

In who is rotavirus most common?

Answer 1

children

Question 2

How is rotavirus transmitted?

Answer 2

faecal-oral route

Question 3

Is rotavirus diarrhoea bloody?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

How is rotavirus diagnosed?

Answer 4

PCR in stool

Question 5

What is the winter virus?

Answer 5

norovirus

Question 6

How is norovirus transmitted?

Answer 6

faecal/oral route or by droplets

Question 7

How is norovirus diagnosed?

Answer 7

PCR in stool or in vomit using red Copan viral swabs

Question 8

What is the diarrhoea and vomiting like in norovirus?

Answer 8

explosive and sudden

Question 9

What is C.D caused by?

Answer 9

disruption of normal flora

Question 10

What can lead to disruption of normal flora and therefore C.D?

Answer 10

Antibiotics (especially beginning with C), PPIs, H2 receptor agonists

Question 11

Do babies get C.D?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What does C.Dif produce?

Answer 12

toxins and spores

Question 13

Who is C.D common in?

Answer 13

elderly females

Question 14

How is C.D diagnosed?

Answer 14

Antigen testing in stool

May need CT scan

Question 15

What are important in determining severity of C.D?

Answer 15

WCC and creatinine

Question 16

What is pseudomembranous colitis linked to and how can this be treated?

Answer 16

C.D, treated with metronidazole or Vancomycin (NOT IV)

Question 17

What is the stain of C.D?

Answer 17

anaerobic gram positive spore forming bacillus

Question 18

What is the most common bacterial gut infection?

Answer 18

campylobacter

Question 19

What causes campylobacter?

Answer 19

organism in food, water, poultry

Question 20

Does campylobacter cause blood PR?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

How long does campylobacter last?

Answer 21

about 2 weeks

Question 22

What gut infection is Guillian-Barre linked to?

Answer 22

campylobacter

Question 23

Which infection is almost always imported?

Answer 23

Typhoid

Question 24

What are the signs of Typhoid?

Answer 24

fever, rash (rose spots, erythema nodosum)

Question 25

Can typhoid be caused by animal contact?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

How is Typhoid diagnosed?

Answer 26

blood culture | Stool and urine culture

Question 27

Which organisms can cause toxin mediated food poisoning?

Answer 27

pre-formed staph aureus, Clostridium Perfringens, bacillus cereus, Vibrio, or enterotoxigenic E.coli

Question 28

Which organisms can cause colonic inflammation and therefore blood PR?

Answer 28

Campylobacter, Shigella, E.coli 0157 or amoebiasis

Question 29

What is travel related diarrhoea often caused by?

Answer 29

enterotoxigenic E.coli

Question 30

What are travel related conditions causing diarrhoea?

Answer 30

cryptosporidiosis, amoebosis, giardiosis

Question 31

What types of organism are ameobosis and giardiosis?

Answer 31

protozoa

Question 32

How is amoebosis diagnosed?

Answer 32

examination of hot stool for ova and cysts

Question 33

How is giardiosis diagnosed?

Answer 33

duodenal aspiration, hot stool exam

Question 34

How is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?

Answer 34

duodenal aspiration

Question 35

Does cryptosporidiosis usually require treatment?

Answer 35

No