GI 3

Question 1

gram negative faculative anaerobe
comma curved shape
free living in water
require sodium chloride for growth

Answer 1

vibrio spp.

Question 2

severe watery diarrhea “rice water”

Answer 2

vibrio cholerae

Question 3

immunity to cholera

Answer 3

associated to the O antigen

Question 4

cholera pathogenesis

Answer 4

toxin co-regulated pilus and AB cholera toxin which activates adenylate cylcase –> diarrhea without cell damage

Question 5

treatment of cholera

Answer 5

rehydration therapy IV and oral

Question 6

explosive watery diarrhea, nasuea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, low grade fever

Answer 6

vibrio parahaemolyticus

Question 7

virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 7

kanagawa hemolysin (induces chloride secretion thus watery diarrhea)

Question 8

associated with consumption of raw shellfish

Answer 8

vibrio parahaemolyticus

Question 9

bacterial gastroenteritis in Japan and southeast asia

Answer 9

vibrio parahaemolyticus

Question 10

gram negative coccobacilli

• fever, abdominal cramps, watery-> bloody diarrhea
• improperly cook pork

Answer 10

yersinia enterocolitica

Question 11

pathogenesis of yersinia enterocolitica

Answer 11

• binds and invade Mcells in terminal ileum
• involves T3SS and injection of Yops
• heat stable enterotoxin

Question 12

gram positive anaerobe, non-invasive, spore forming

Answer 12

clostridium difficile

Question 13

CDAD, psuedomembrane colitis, fulminant colitis with toxic megacolon

associated with hospitals

Answer 13

clostridium difficile

Question 14

pathogenesis clostridium difficile

Answer 14

toxin AB disrupts host cell cytoskeleton –> diarrhea

Question 15

treatment clostridium difficile

Answer 15

oral vancomycin or metronidazole

Question 16

prevention clostridium difficile

Answer 16

fecal transplant

Question 17

risk for people in hospital on broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 17

clostridium difficile

Question 18

gram negative, faculative anerobe, non-invasive

Answer 18

EHEC

Question 19

associated with hamburger and vegetables

Answer 19

EHEC

Question 20

EHEC stands for

Answer 20

enterohemorrhagic e. coli

Question 21

bloody diarrhea

no fever, marked abdominal tenderness, HUS

Answer 21

EHEC

Question 22

HUS –>

Answer 22

anemia and kidney failure (Gb3 receptor)

Question 23

shiga-like toxin verotoxin pathogenesis

Answer 23

EHEC

blocks translation by cleaving part of the 60S subunit of the ribosome

Question 24

bloody diarrhea without fever

Answer 24

EHEC

Question 25

treatment EHEC

Answer 25

supportive | NO antibiotic! increases lysogenic phase and spread

Question 26

gram negative rods, faultative anerobe, intracellular pathogen, dysentery

Answer 26

shigella

Question 27

day care center

Answer 27

shigella

Question 28

shigella species in developed countries

Answer 28

s. soneii

Question 29

fever, malaise, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, frequent bloody and pus filled stools

Answer 29

dysentery

Question 30

frequently feeling need to defecate

Answer 30

tenesmus

Question 31

pathogenesis of shigella

Answer 31

acid resistant - adhere and pass through M cells with T3SS injecting Ipa proteins and cytoskeletal rearrangement, phagocytosis by macrophages, escape from phagosome, then cell apoptosis

Question 32

shiga toxin function

Answer 32

- binds host Gb3 receptor, inhibits translation

Question 33

treatment shigella

Answer 33

rehydration | antibiotics

Question 34

same as shigella but no shiga-toxin

Answer 34

EIEC | - e. coli obtained pathogenicity island from shigella via horizontal gene transfer