GI 3C - Anatomy & Physiology of the Gallbladder Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the flow of bile from the hepatocytes to the gallbladder?
- Hepatocyte 2. Bile canaliculi 3. R/L hepatic duct 4. Common hepatic duct 5. Cystic duct 6. Gallbladder
What anatomical structure regulates the release of bile into the duodenum?
Sphincter of Oddi
What does CCK stimulate?
contraction of gallbladder relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
T/F Does the gallbladder produce bile?
NO - it is only a storage organ
When do gallstones cause symptoms?
when they obstruct bile flow
What three factors are involved in the formation of cholesterol stones?
- bile stasis (sludge) 2. supersaturation of bile with cholesterol 3. inflammation
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Storage and modification of bile
What are symptoms seen when stones enter the common bile duct?
indigestion, biliary colic
Pain of acute cholecystitis can radiate to what parts of the body?
R shoulder/scapula or thoracic/lumbar back
What does Ach stimulate?
Contraction of the gallbladder
What is biliary colic?
gallbladder contracting in response to hormonal or neural stimulation forcing a stone against the gallbladder outlet or cystic duct opening causing increased intra-gallbladder pressure and RUQ pain
What is a cannula?
instrument used in laparoscopic surgery
What does secretin stimulate?
ion & water secretion by the bile ducts
Chronic cholecystitis is associated with the presence of _______ and is thought to be the result of _________ irritation or recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis leading to __________ and ________ of the gallbladder
gallstones mechanical fibrosis thickening
What is the size of gallstones that are able to pass into the common bile duct?
small stones < 8mm
Larger stones are more likely to do what?
obstruct flow cause jaundice
During interdigestive periods that gallbladder can fill because it is ________ and the sphincter of Oddi is _________
relaxed closed
What factors make people more susceptible to developing gallstones?
age: age 50-65 sex: women more common pregnancy: sex hormones oral contraceptive use family history/genetics obesity rapid weight loss diabetes
What is chronic cholecystitis?
chronic inflammatory cell infiltration of the gallbladder seen on histopathology
What is a long-term consequence of not having a gallbladder?
common bile duct becomes somewhat dilated, and more bile tends to enter the duodenum after meals than at other times
What are the most common complications of cholecystitis?
gallbladder gangrene (205) perforation (2%)
What is the most common type of gallstones in the US/Europe?
cholesterol stones (905)
What is a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
surgical removal of the gallbladder
What is the term used to describe the presence of gallstones?
Cholelithiasis
