Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phys Exam 6 > GI 4 > Flashcards

GI 4 Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum?

A

Bile duct -> common hepatic duct -> cystic duct -> common bile duct -> sphincter of Oddi -> duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much of the pancreas is exocrine?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ cells of pancreas synthesize and secrete hydrolases for digestion

A

–Acinar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ cells of pancreas secrete bicarbonate and water

A

Duct cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ cells of pancreas are involved in Luminal digestion of carbohydrate, protein, fat.
–Impaired function causes maldigestion and
malabsorption.

A

Acinar cells of pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_____ cells of pancreas are involved in neutralizing gastric H+ :secretes HCO3- into duodenum up to 145 mEq/L

A

Duct cells of pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proteolytic enzymes synthesized, stored and secreted as _______

A

inactive precursors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why Doesn’t the Pancreas Digest Itself?

A

Proteolytic enzymes synthesized, stored and secreted as inactive precursors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the inactive precursors activated?

A

In intestinal lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____ is synthesized, stored, and secreted with the precursors to make sure the inactive precursors don’t get activated prematurely in pancreas

A

Trypsin inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_______:
Blocked bile ducts lead to enzyme overrun of trypsin inhibitors that lead to active enzymes in pancreas beginning to digest it

A

Acute pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 stimuli for acinar cell enzyme secretion?

A
  1. CCK

2. ACh/GRP (vagovagal reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 indirect paths of CCK production?

A

Monitor peptide and CCK-RP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ is involved in the following:

  • Gallbladder contraction
  • Acinar secretion of pancreas
  • Stimulates receptive relaxation, reduces emptying, and reduces HCl secretion of stomach
  • Relaxes sphincter of Oddi
  • Protein, carb, lipid absorption and digestion
  • Matching of nutrient delivery to digestive and absorptive capacity
A

CCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the Two Stimuli for Ductal Cell Secretion of H2O and HCO3-?

A
  1. *Secretin (Secretin receptor)

2. Ach (M3 receptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secretin released when pH < ____

A

4.5.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____ is released when pH < 4.5.

A

Secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Below pH = ___, secretin release is maximal in segment of duodenum. Further release of secretin depends upon area of small intestine affected.

A

3,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 2 phases are mediated by vagovagal reflex - low volume, high enzyme secretion (Ach/GRP)?

A

Cephalic and Gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

At Low secretion rates of pancreatic juice -
bicarbonate concentration is ____
chloride concentration is ____

A

low; high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

At High secretion rates of pancreatic juice -bicarbonate concentration is ____
chloride concentration is ____

A

high; low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What 2 ions remain constant at all flow rates in pancreas?

A

Na and K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the tonicity of pancreatic juice?

A

Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The secretion rate of the pancreas is proportionate to what three things?

A

Secretin, Ach, and CCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
_____ is a disorder caused by a defective CFTR
CF
26
Abnormal sweat composition. Decreased pulmonary and pancreatic secretion. Mendelian autosomal recessive occurrence.
CF
27
Defective ____ seen in CF causes: –Sweat Cl- reabsorption; –Pancreatic duct cell function; –Pulmonary mucus clearance.
CFTR
28
In _____ pancreatitis, –Trypsin activation causes pain, inflammation
Acute
29
In _____ pancreatitis, destroys acini
Chronic
30
What 2 things can cause duct obstruction?
Gallstones | Tumors
31
Consequences of ______ reflect decreased digestive enzyme production
Pancreatitis
32
Without pancreatic enzymes, what percentage of fat is not absorbed causing steatorrhea?
60%
33
Without pancreatic enzymes, what percentage of protein and carbs are not absorbed?
30-40%
34
_______ functions: Cleansing and storage of blood Metabolism of nutrients Synthesis of proteins (coagulation factors, plasma proteins, angiotensinogen) Metabolism of hormones, chemicals Storage of energy, vitamins, iron Excretion of lipid-soluble waste products Marked capacity for cellular regeneration
Hepatic functions
35
What range of bile is secreted each day?
600-1000 mL
36
Liver has ____ blood flow and lymph flow
High
37
What percentage of CO is set to liver?
27%
38
Resistance of vessels in liver to blood flow is _____
Low
39
Cirrhosis increases resistance, produces _______: back up of blood in digestive tract; Increase NFP leading to ascites
portal hypertension
40
Hepatic lymph accounts for ____% of total body production.
50%
41
______ and _______ required for digestion(emulsification) and absorption(micelles) of dietary fat.
Bile salts (acids) and lecithin
42
Biles is involved in the _______ of lipophilic metabolites (bilirubin), excess cholesterol, other waste products, drugs, and toxins.
Excretion
43
Bile ____ are involved in emulsification of facts
Salts
44
Bile _____ are waste products
Bile pigments
45
_______ secrete bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin, bilirubin, many other lipophilic substances
Hepatocytes
46
_______ modify primary secretion, add HCO3
Duct epithelial cells
47
Storage and concentration of bile in ______.
gallbladder
48
________ reabsorbs some components.
Enterohepatic circulation
49
____ secrete organic component of bile into bile ducts-Bile Salts (produced from cholesterol)-Cholesterol-Organic substances
Hepatocytes
50
What are the 3 organic components that hepatocytes secrete into bile ducts?
Bile salts Cholesterol Organic substances
51
What are the 2 places bile is transported?
Small intestine for fat digestion | Gall Bladder for storage
52
What are the 3 things bile duct cells secrete?
Water Na+ HCO3-
53
The gallbladder reabsorbs what 2 things?
Na and H2O
54
Does the gall bladder concentrate or dilute bile?
Concentrates bile
55
What is the max volume that can be stored in gall bladder?
30-60 mL
56
Substance secreted into bile by hepatocytes. Delivered to lumen of ileum, then reabsorbed. Transported to hepatocytes via sinusoids 94% of bile salts recirculated Bile salts circulate 17x before lost in feces.
Enterohepatic circulation
57
What percentage of bile salts are recirculated?
94%
58
What is the the transporter involved in active absorption of bile salts in enterohepatic circulation?
Apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT)
59
Drugs that inhibit Bile Recycling Used to lower LDL levels in blood Hepatocyte production of bile increases 6-10x if bile salt recycling reduced. LDL taken up from blood via hepatocytes as source of cholesterol for bile salts Drugs work in intestinal lumen (do not need to be absorbed) Reduce harmful side effects
BARI (Bile Acid Reabsorption Inhibitors)
60
____ is a type of BARI that Bind to bile salts in intestinal lumen and block transport
1. Bile acid sequestrants
61
``` Low ____ is associated with the following things: Crohn’s disease Congenital 1° bile acid malabsorption Idiopathic chronic diarrhea Irritable Bowel Syndrome ```
ASBT
62
Low ASBT is associated with what 4 things?
Crohn’s disease Congenital 1° bile acid malabsorption Idiopathic chronic diarrhea Irritable Bowel Syndrome
63
_____ dysfunction impairs bilirubin, bile salt secretion: –Drugs (acetaminophen), viral hepatitis, toxins; –Fibrosis, cirrhosis.
Hepatocyte
64
______ defects impair bile salt reabsorption.
Intestinal mucosal
65
(stomach) amino acids and peptides distention (H+ inhibits)
Gastrin
66
______ (stomach)  absence of nutrients (inhibited by stretch)
Ghrelin
67
______ (Small Intestine) |  H
Secretin
68
___ (Small Intestine) amino acids and peptides fatty acids Indirectly via secretion of CCK-RP and Monitor peptide
CCK
69
______ (Small intestine) | Glucose
GIP, GLP-1
70
_____ (Small Intestine) stimulus unknown some studies suggest that an alkaline pH in the duodenum stimulates its release.
Motilin
71
``` _____ ↑ Histamine Release (ECL cell) ↑ H+ Secretion (Parietal Cell) ↑ Gastric emptying Trophic affects on Mucosa ```
Gastrin
72
______ | ↑ Hunger
Ghrelin
73
______ ↑ Gastric Motility (MMC/Fasting) ↑ Intestinal Motility (MMC/Fasting)
Motilin
74
_______ ↑ Insulin response to glucose ↓ Gastric Acid Secretion ↓ Gastric emptying
GIP, GLP-1
75
``` ________ ↑ Panc & Biliary HCO3- secretion Trophic affects on Exo. Pancreas ↓ Gastric Acid Secretion ↓ Gastric emptying ```
Secretin
76
``` _______ ↑ Pancreatic enzyme secretion ↑ Gall Bladder Contraction Trophic affects on Exo. Pancreas ↓ Gastric emptying ↓ Gastric Acid Secretion Relaxation of Sphincter of Oddi Gastric receptive relaxation ```
CCK

Phys Exam 6 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions