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603 Physiology > GI 5 > Flashcards

GI 5 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

3 Main Functions of Small Intestine Contractions

A
  1. Mixing food with digestive secretions
  2. Circulation of foodstuffs
  3. Net propulsion
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2
Q

Patterns of Small Intestinal Motility

A
  1. Segmentation
  2. Peristalsis
  3. Migrating Motor Complex
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3
Q

Is segmentation propulsive?

A

no

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4
Q

segmentation goal

A

slow down movement of ingesta and retain food in one region to facilitate repeated contact with intestinal mucosa, mix food and secretions/enzymes

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5
Q

Is peristalsis propulsive?

A

yes

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6
Q

Peristalsis

A

circular constrictions to move contents aborally; contraction occurs with aboral relaxation

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7
Q

Migrating Motor Complex

A

during interdigestive phase with intesnse contractions thru stomach and small intestine to push out undigested material

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8
Q

What hormone facilitates the migrating motor complex?

A

motilin

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9
Q

What pattern of small intestinal motility is responsible for maintaining the regional distribution of gut bacteria?

A

migrating motor complex (MMC)

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10
Q

What part of the GI has the most microbes?

A

colon

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11
Q

What part of the GI has the fewest microbes?

A

stomach

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12
Q

What determines contractile parameters in the small intestine?

A

slow waves

(frequency, velocity, direction)

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13
Q

Main NT regulator of the enteric nervous system and SI motility?

A

acetylcholine

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14
Q

What drug can be given to block aceylcholine, thereby slowing the motility of the SI?

A

atropine

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15
Q

cephalic phase

A

anticipation of food, before the food enters the stomach

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16
Q

How does the duration of fed motility pattern depend on caloric content?

A

more calories (and more fat) need more time, inc. segmental contractions, decreases speed of motility

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17
Q

Ileal brake

A

[distal to proximal] feedback mechanism that controls meal transit in the GI to optimize nutrient digestion and absorption

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18
Q

4 Factors of the Ileal Brake

A
  1. Delays gastric emptying
  2. Delays intestinal transit
  3. Inhibits secretions (gastric/pancreatic/biliary)
  4. Increases satiety
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19
Q

How does the ileal brake delay gastric emptying?

A

decreases frequency of peristalsis in pylorus and duodenum, increases pyloric sphincter pressure

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20
Q

How does the ileal brake delay intestinal transit?

A

decrease frrequency, number, and distance of peristalsis and propogation

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21
Q

Ileocecocolic junction

A

space where the small intestine (ileum) enters the large intestine (colon) at the location of the cecum

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22
Q

Ileocolic orifice

A

one-way valve between ileum and colon to limit reflux and maintain relative sterility of small intestine

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23
Q

4 Functions of Large Intestine Contractions

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Absorb water and electrolytes
  2. Fermentation of organic matter (species dependent)
  3. Net aboral movement
  4. Storage and evacuation of feces
24
Q

Is movement in the colon fast or slow?

Study These Flashcards
A

slow (to intensively mix ingesta)

25
Haustra
small pouches created by the sacculations of the colon (the segments) (not well-defined)
26
Tenia
outer longitudinal smooth muscle along the colon
27
Do guinea pig have tenia?
yeah!
28
What nerves control the external anal sphincter?
somatic nerves (voluntary control)
29
What nerves innervate the proximal colon?
vagus nerve
30
What nerves innervate the distal colon?
pelvic nerve
31
3 Patterns of Colonic Motility
1. Segmentation 2. Peristatic and Antiperistaltic Waves 3. Mass Movements
32
Peristalsis in the Colon
shallow circular contractions, low propulsion, some backflow across opening of constriction to allow mixing
33
Pacemaker of the Colon?
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)
34
Mass Movement
occurs infrequently and usually after a meal at a high amplitude to help move a large amount of feces over significant distance into rectum
35
Characteristic motor pattern of cecum nd colon?
peristaltic and antiperistaltic contractions
36
Majority of contractions in the colon are what kind?
Segemental (90%)
37
Segmental contractions in the Colon
Long lasting circular constrictions that occur simultaneously at adjacent sites and it slowly moves the content aborally
38
Segmental Contractions in the Small Intestine
short (a few seconds) contractions at various intestinal sites
39
Do you lose segmental activity during mass movements?
yes
40
Do you lose haustrations during mass movements?
yes
41
Gastrocolic reflex
stomach gives signal to the colon to clear out the large intestine to make room for another meal
42
How frequently do mass movements (giant migrating contractions) occur after a meal and for how long?
Every 15 minutes for 1 hour
43
Are mass movements the same as migrating motor complex?
NO
44
Is this a kangaroo?
obviously
45
Is defecation voluntary or involuntary?
both (dependent on the sphincter - internal is involuntary, external is voluntary)
46
Muscle Type of Internal Anal Sphincter
smooth muscle
47
External Anal Sphincter innervation?
pudendal nerve
48
Muscle Type of External Anal Sphincter
Striated muscle
49
Which anal sphincter is most responsible for tonic contractions/anal tone?
internal anal sphincter
50
Retrosphincteric Reflex
signal from rectum to sphincter when stretch receptors are activated - causes peristalsis of rectum and relaxation of internal anal sphincter, signal to CNS to contract external anal sphincter and feel the urge to defecate
51
Fecal Continence
choose to suppress defecation, rectum and external anal sphincter relax, internal anal sphincter regains tone
52
Causes of Fecal Incontinence
muscle damage to external anal sphincter, nerve damage to the nerves that sense stool in rectum or the ones that control the sphincter
53
Megacolon [in Cats]
constipation/obstipation due to a generalized dysfunction of smooth muscle in the colon (most commonly seen in middle aged cats)
54
Obstipation
prolonged retention of feces causes inability to pass stool or gas
55
What are the two distal to proximal feedback reflexes in the intestine?
1. Enterogastric reflex 2. Ileal brake

603 Physiology (22 decks)

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