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First Aid Yellow > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

When the gut returns to the abdominal cavity, degree of rotation and around what

A

270 degrees counterclockwise around the SMA

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2
Q

Failure of rostral fold closure causes:

A

Sternal defects

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3
Q

Failure of lateral fold closure

A

Omphalocele and gastroschisis

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4
Q

Failure of cadual fold closure

A

Bladder exstrophy (bladd outside body)

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5
Q

How esophageal atresia presents in utera

A

Polyhydramnios

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6
Q

Clinical test to diagnose TEF

A

failure to pass NG tube into stomach

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7
Q

most commonTEF

A

Esophageal atresia with TEF

bubble in stomach

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8
Q

GI problems associated with Down Syndrome

A 
Don't Have A Clue
Duodenal Atresia
Hirschspring Disease
Annual Pancreas
Celiac Disease
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9
Q

Cause of jejunal and ileal atresia

A

Disruption of mesenteric vessels –> ischemic necrosis –>segmental resorptionn (“apple peel”

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10
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

Junction between duodenum and jejunum (seperate of upper and lower GI tract)

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11
Q

Blood results: Hypokalemic Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

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12
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis more common in what gender exposed to which med

A

Firstborn males with exposure to macrolides

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13
Q

Pancreas Divisum

  • cause
  • presentation
A

Ventral and dorsal pancreatic parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks

Mostly asomptomatic but an cause chronic abdominal pain and/or pancreatitis (otherwise adapt to outflow)

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14
Q

Ligament of Portal triad

A

Hepatoduodenal

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15
Q

Ligament cut during surgery to access lesser sac

A

Gastrocolic

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16
Q

Structures contained in falciform ligament

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis (derivative of fetal umbilical vein)
-can recanulate with extreme portal HTN

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17
Q

Frequency of basal electric rhythm in stomach

A

3 waves/min

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18
Q

Frequency of basal electric rhythm in duodenum

A

12 waves/min

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19
Q

Frequency of basal electric rhythm in ileum

A

8-9 waves/min

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20
Q

Location and purpose of Submucosal Nerve plexus (Meissner)

A

Submucosas, secretes fluids blood vessels and lymphatics run through

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21
Q

Location and purpose of Myenteric Nerve plexus (Auerbach)

Study These Flashcards
A

Motility/peristalsis of gut

-Muscularis externa

22
Q

Histology of esophagus

Study These Flashcards
A

nonkertinized stratified squamous epitherlium

23
Q

Histology of stomach

Study These Flashcards
A

Gastric glands (basophilic chief cells at bottom)

24
Q

Histology of duodenum

Study These Flashcards
A

Villi and microvilli, brunner glands (in submucosa), and crypts of lieberkuhn

25
Histology of jejunum
Plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkuhn (home of stem cells
26
Histology of ileum
Peyer patches (lymphoid aggregates in lamina propria, submucosa), plicae circulares (circular infoldings of mucosa/submucosa), crypts of Lieberkuhn, LARGEST number of GOBLET cells in SI
27
Histology of Colon
Crypts of Lieberkuhn but no villi, abundant goblet cells
28
Someone who is anorexia with postprandial pain
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - part of duodenum compressed between SMA and aorta - assoc with diminished mesenteric fat
29
Foregut innervation
sym: greater and lesser splanchnic para: vagus
30
Midgut innervation
sym: greater and lesser splanchnic para: vagus
31
Hindgut innervation
sym: lumbar splanchnic para: pelvic splanchnic
32
Esophagela branch comes off what celiac trunk artery branch?
Left gastric
33
Branches off splenic artery
Short gastric arteries (HAVE NO ANASTOMOSES) | Left gastro-epiploic/omental
34
Anastamoses that lead to esophageal varices
Left gastric --> Esophageal veins --> azygos vein
35
Anastamoses causing caput medusae
paraumbilical --> small epigastric veins (anterior abd wall)
36
Anastamoses causing anorectal varices
superior rectal --> middle and inferior rectal
37
Why rectal absorption occurs faster than oral
Rectal is the inferior rectal vein, goes straight into systemic circulation, oral is through the Portal system
38
TIPS procedure and wrose SE
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (b/w hepatic v and portal v) --> relieves portal HTN -increased risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy (no detoxifying)
39
Above pectinate line - Type of cancer - LN drainage
Adenocarcinoma | -Internal iliac LN
40
Below pectinate line - Type of cancer - LN drainage
- Squamous cell carcinoma (from HPV 16, 18) | - Superficial inguinal LN
41
Kupffer cells
Liver MP, breaks down old RBCs heme -> bilirubin
42
``` Hepatic Stellate (Ito) cells -location and purpose ```
Space of Disse (lymphatic drainage) | -store Vitamin A (when quiescent) and produce ECM (when activated)
43
Zone 1 Hepatocytes | -Purpose & problems
- Periportal (gets most O2)--> O2 intensive metabolism | - Affected first by viral heptitis and ingested toxins (cocaine, CCl4)
44
Zone 2 Hepatocytes | -Purpose and problems
- Intermediate | - Yellow fever
45
Zone 3 hepatocytes | -purpose and problems
- Centrilobar, less O2 - Chemical metabolism by cytochrome P450 (hormone and drug conversion, detoxify foods) - affected 1st by ischemia, sensitive to metabolic toxins (alcohol, tylenol), site of alcoholic hepatitis
46
Femoral ring
Site of femoral hernia, more common infemales
47
Cremaster muscle purpose
Raise and lower testes to maintain temperature
48
Layers making up the spermatic cord
ICE tie Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia) Cremasteric muscle and fascia (internal oblique) External spermatic fascia (external oblique)
49
Common hernia in infants (why?)
Indirect inguinal hernia - Goes through internal inguinal ring, to external inguinal ring into scrotum - Infants beause failure of processus vaginalis to close
50
Hesselbach's triangle
Inferior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament, and lateral wall of rectus abdominus
51
Hernia in older men
Direct inguinal hernia - Protrudes through Hesselbach's riangle - goes through external inguinal ring, covered by external spermatic fascia
52
Female hernia
Femoral hernia - protrudes below inguinal ligament through femoral canal and lateral to pubic tubercle) - Medial to femoral sheath

First Aid Yellow (4 decks)

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