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First Aid Yellow > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

When the gut returns to the abdominal cavity, degree of rotation and around what

A

270 degrees counterclockwise around the SMA

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2
Q

Failure of rostral fold closure causes:

A

Sternal defects

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3
Q

Failure of lateral fold closure

A

Omphalocele and gastroschisis

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4
Q

Failure of cadual fold closure

A

Bladder exstrophy (bladd outside body)

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5
Q

How esophageal atresia presents in utera

A

Polyhydramnios

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6
Q

Clinical test to diagnose TEF

A

failure to pass NG tube into stomach

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7
Q

most commonTEF

A

Esophageal atresia with TEF

bubble in stomach

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8
Q

GI problems associated with Down Syndrome

A 
Don't Have A Clue
Duodenal Atresia
Hirschspring Disease
Annual Pancreas
Celiac Disease
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9
Q

Cause of jejunal and ileal atresia

A

Disruption of mesenteric vessels –> ischemic necrosis –>segmental resorptionn (“apple peel”

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10
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

Junction between duodenum and jejunum (seperate of upper and lower GI tract)

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11
Q

Blood results: Hypokalemic Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

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12
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis more common in what gender exposed to which med

A

Firstborn males with exposure to macrolides

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13
Q

Pancreas Divisum

  • cause
  • presentation
A

Ventral and dorsal pancreatic parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks

Mostly asomptomatic but an cause chronic abdominal pain and/or pancreatitis (otherwise adapt to outflow)

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14
Q

Ligament of Portal triad

A

Hepatoduodenal

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15
Q

Ligament cut during surgery to access lesser sac

A

Gastrocolic

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16
Q

Structures contained in falciform ligament

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis (derivative of fetal umbilical vein)
-can recanulate with extreme portal HTN

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17
Q

Frequency of basal electric rhythm in stomach

A

3 waves/min

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18
Q

Frequency of basal electric rhythm in duodenum

A

12 waves/min

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19
Q

Frequency of basal electric rhythm in ileum

A

8-9 waves/min

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20
Q

Location and purpose of Submucosal Nerve plexus (Meissner)

A

Submucosas, secretes fluids blood vessels and lymphatics run through

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21
Q

Location and purpose of Myenteric Nerve plexus (Auerbach)

A

Motility/peristalsis of gut

-Muscularis externa

22
Q

Histology of esophagus

A

nonkertinized stratified squamous epitherlium

23
Q

Histology of stomach

A

Gastric glands (basophilic chief cells at bottom)

24
Q

Histology of duodenum

A

Villi and microvilli, brunner glands (in submucosa), and crypts of lieberkuhn

25
Q

Histology of jejunum

A

Plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkuhn (home of stem cells

26
Q

Histology of ileum

A

Peyer patches (lymphoid aggregates in lamina propria, submucosa), plicae circulares (circular infoldings of mucosa/submucosa), crypts of Lieberkuhn, LARGEST number of GOBLET cells in SI

27
Q

Histology of Colon

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn but no villi, abundant goblet cells

28
Q

Someone who is anorexia with postprandial pain

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome

  • part of duodenum compressed between SMA and aorta
  • assoc with diminished mesenteric fat
29
Q

Foregut innervation

A

sym: greater and lesser splanchnic
para: vagus

30
Q

Midgut innervation

A

sym: greater and lesser splanchnic
para: vagus

31
Q

Hindgut innervation

A

sym: lumbar splanchnic
para: pelvic splanchnic

32
Q

Esophagela branch comes off what celiac trunk artery branch?

A

Left gastric

33
Q

Branches off splenic artery

A

Short gastric arteries (HAVE NO ANASTOMOSES)

Left gastro-epiploic/omental

34
Q

Anastamoses that lead to esophageal varices

A

Left gastric –> Esophageal veins –> azygos vein

35
Q

Anastamoses causing caput medusae

A

paraumbilical –> small epigastric veins (anterior abd wall)

36
Q

Anastamoses causing anorectal varices

A

superior rectal –> middle and inferior rectal

37
Q

Why rectal absorption occurs faster than oral

A

Rectal is the inferior rectal vein, goes straight into systemic circulation, oral is through the Portal system

38
Q

TIPS procedure and wrose SE

A

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (b/w hepatic v and portal v) –> relieves portal HTN
-increased risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy (no detoxifying)

39
Q

Above pectinate line

  • Type of cancer
  • LN drainage
A

Adenocarcinoma

-Internal iliac LN

40
Q

Below pectinate line

  • Type of cancer
  • LN drainage
A
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (from HPV 16, 18)

- Superficial inguinal LN

41
Q

Kupffer cells

A

Liver MP, breaks down old RBCs heme -> bilirubin

42
Q 
Hepatic Stellate (Ito) cells
-location and purpose
A

Space of Disse (lymphatic drainage)

-store Vitamin A (when quiescent) and produce ECM (when activated)

43
Q

Zone 1 Hepatocytes

-Purpose & problems

A
  • Periportal (gets most O2)–> O2 intensive metabolism

- Affected first by viral heptitis and ingested toxins (cocaine, CCl4)

44
Q

Zone 2 Hepatocytes

-Purpose and problems

A
  • Intermediate

- Yellow fever

45
Q

Zone 3 hepatocytes

-purpose and problems

A
  • Centrilobar, less O2
  • Chemical metabolism by cytochrome P450 (hormone and drug conversion, detoxify foods)
  • affected 1st by ischemia, sensitive to metabolic toxins (alcohol, tylenol), site of alcoholic hepatitis
46
Q

Femoral ring

A

Site of femoral hernia, more common infemales

47
Q

Cremaster muscle purpose

A

Raise and lower testes to maintain temperature

48
Q

Layers making up the spermatic cord

A

ICE tie
Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)
Cremasteric muscle and fascia (internal oblique)
External spermatic fascia (external oblique)

49
Q

Common hernia in infants (why?)

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

  • Goes through internal inguinal ring, to external inguinal ring into scrotum
  • Infants beause failure of processus vaginalis to close
50
Q

Hesselbach’s triangle

A

Inferior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament, and lateral wall of rectus abdominus

51
Q

Hernia in older men

A

Direct inguinal hernia

  • Protrudes through Hesselbach’s riangle
  • goes through external inguinal ring, covered by external spermatic fascia
52
Q

Female hernia

A

Femoral hernia

  • protrudes below inguinal ligament through femoral canal and lateral to pubic tubercle)
  • Medial to femoral sheath

First Aid Yellow (4 decks)

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