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Last EOR exam > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Celiac Disease located in the GI tract?

what is another name for this disease?

A

Small bowel

Sprue

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2
Q

What is Celiac Disease

A

Autoimmune reaction to alpha-gliadin in gluten
resulting in loss of villie and absorptive area
leading to malabsorption, bolating and pain

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3
Q

Key terms for this diangosis

Rash on neck/elbows/truck with bloating, abd pain and weight loss

A

Celiac Disease

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4
Q

What is the rash seen with Celiac Disease

where is it located ?

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Itchy, extensor surfaces, neck, trunk and scalp

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5
Q

What lab test is best for Celiac Disease

A

IgA antibody

transglutaminase antibody

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6
Q

what is the definitive diagnosis for Celiac Disease

A

Colonoscopy with small bowel biopsy

small bowel will have blunted villi

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7
Q

What is the treatment for Celiac Disease

A

Gluten free diet
No wheat, rye or barley
can eat rice and corn

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8
Q

what are s/s of Lactose intolerance

A

abd pain, loose stools, flatulence,

borborygmi (loud grumbling) with ingestion of milk products

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9
Q

what is the best test of choice for lactose intolerance

A

Hydrogen breath test

-hydrogen is produced by unigested lactose being fermeted by the colon bacteria

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10
Q

Vitamin C - another name

A

Ascorbic acid

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11
Q

what are some reasons someone would be Vitamin C deficent

A

they are not eating fruits and vegetables

smoker

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12
Q

A lack of Vitamin C will lead to what disease ?

A

Scurvy- weakness, vascular fragility (collagen doesn’t produce right)
recurrent hemorrhaged in gums, skin (around hair follicles) and joints
impaired wound healing
hyperkeratotic papules

3 H’s - Hyperkeratosis, hemorrhage, hematologic

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13
Q

Key terms for this disease- vascular fragility, red dots seen in the gums, skin and joint pain
wounds have delayed healing and hyperkeratotic papules

A

Scurvy = Vitamin C deficency

3 H’s - Hyperkeratosis, hemorrhage, hematologic

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14
Q

A lack of Vitamin D will lead to what disease in adults ?

in children?

A

Osteomalacia = diffuse body pains, weakness and fractures, *looser lines (fracture lines in the bones)
Rickets - children = bowed legs, fracutures, dental problems

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15
Q

Key terms for this disease- child with bowed legs multiple fractures, dental teeth issues, developmental delays ad muscle weakness

A

Rickets - children

A lack of Vitamin D

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16
Q

Ergocalciferol is treatment for what ?

A

Vitamin D

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17
Q

What does Vitamin A do ?

A 
it is for 
Vision 
immune function
embryo development 
hematopoiesis- making new RBC's 
skin and cells health
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18
Q

A lack of Vitamin A will lead to what disease ?

A

Vision changes- especially night blindness*
immune decrease- poor wound healing
squamous metaplasia*
Bitot spots- white spots on the conjunctiva
xeropthalmia- dry eyes
alopecia- loosing hair
taste loss

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19
Q

Bitot spots are seen in what Vitamin deficency?

A

Vitamin A

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20
Q

Key terms for this diagnosis- squamous metaplasis, poor wound healiing, white spots on the conjuncitva, dry eyes, loosing hair with taste loss

A

Vitamin A

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21
Q 
What is the other name for these vitamins
B1
B2
B3
B6
B12
A 
B1- Thiamine
B2- Riboflavin
B3- Niacin
B6-Pyridoxine
B12- Cobalamine
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22
Q

Thiamine, what vitamin?

A

B1

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23
Q

Riboflavin, what vitamin?

A

B2

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24
Q

Niacin, what vitamin?

A

B3

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25
Pyridoxine, what vitamin?
B6
26
Cobalamine, what vitamin?
B12
27
What is the most common cause for Vitamine B1 deficency
Thaimine- Alcoholics
28
B1 deficency can lead to what 3 conditions ?
1. beriberi 2. wernicke's 3. Korsakoff's dementia
29
What is Beriberi ?
Vitmain B1 deficency two types Dry and Wet Dry- parasthesia (numbness), demyelination, symmmeteric impairment of sensory and motor relfexes muscle wasting Wet- high urine output failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and edema
30
what is Wernicke's Encephalopathy ?
Vitamin B1 deficency causing 1. opthalmoplegia (eye muscles dont work) 2. ataxia (hand bumping, cant walk straight) 3. Global confusion
31
Key terms for this diagnosis- symmeteric sensory and motor loss, muscle wasting
B1 deficiency- Dry Beriberi
32
Key terms for this diagnosis- high urine output failure, dilated caridomyopathy and edma
B1 deficiency- Wet Beriberi
33
Key terms for this diagnosis- cant move eye''s around due to weakness, ataxia with raised hands, and confused.
B1 deficiency- Wernicke's Encephalopathy
34
what is Korsakoff's Dementia?
B1 deficiency- resulting in memory loss mainly short term, confabulation. that is irrevesible
35
Key terms for this diagnosis- resulting in memory loss mainly short term, confabulation. that is irreversible
B1 deficiency- Korsakoff's Dementia
36
What does vitamin B2 cause?
Riboflavin- oral-ocular-gential syndrome 1. oral- mouth lesion, magenta colored tongue angular cheilitis 2. ocular- photophobis and corneal lesions 3. genital- scrotal dermatitis
37
Key terms for this diagnosis- | lesions in the mouth, red colored tongue, angular cheilitis, corneal lesions and scrotal dermatitis
B2 Riboflavin deficiency
38
What does Niacin deficiency cause?
``` 3'D's Diarrhea Dementia Dermatitis (foods high in niacin are usually meats) this person with a deficieny will be vegan ```
39
Key terms for this diagnosis | diarrhea, confused cant remember, dermatitis rash/skin bumps
Niacin (B3) deficiency
40
What does Pyridoxine B6 deficiency cause?
``` peripehral neruopathy flaky skin headaches anemia sore tongue stomatitis seizures ```
41
What are some common causes of Pyridoxine B6 deficiency
``` Alcohol Isoniazid Oral contraceptives vegans malabsortption from celiac or crohn's PPI's ```
42
What does B12 deficiency cause
``` Coblamine *pernicious anemia neruo symptoms parasthesia gait abnormalities memory loss dementia glossitis macrocytic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils ```
43
What is Pernicious anemia?
Vitamin B12 deficency- cobalamine | autoimmune destruction/loss of gastric parietal cells that decrease intrinsic factor
44
what is the best test for Pernicious anemia
Schilling test | tests for the antibody
45
what is the most common cause of gastroenteritis?
Norovirus
46
what is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children?
Rotavirus
47
describe non-invavsie gastroenteritis
vomiting watery voluminous diarrhea | with no fecal WBC's or blood
48
describe invasive gastroenteritits
vomiting watery voluminous diarrhea | with fecal WBC's or blood, fevers
49
key terms for this diagnosis- food contamination most common in diary, mayonnaise, meats and eggs self-limiting
Staphylococcus
50
Key terms for this diagnosis- diarrhea with no WBC's, ctaminated food with fried rice. usually self-limitis
Bacillus Cereus
51
Key terms for this diagnosis- gram negative rod. transmitted through contaminated food and water usually abroad. outbreaks during poor sanitation and over crowing. copious watery rice water stools gray no odor blood or pus. fatal due to hypovolemia
Vibrio cholerae
52
Key terms for this diagnosis- unpeeled fruits, unsanitary drinking water/ice usually after traveling
Enterotoxogenic E. Coli
53
What is the treatment for Enterotoxogenic E. Coli
Fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
54
Key terms for this diagnosis- nosocomial diarrhea | overgrowth of normal flora
Clostridium Difficlile
55
complications of Clostridium Difficlile
Lymphocytosis Pseudomembranous colitis toxic mega colon
56
treatment for Clostridium Difficlile
Metronidazole | vancomycin
57
name all invasive gastroenterisis
``` Shilgella Yersina Entercolotici Salmonella Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli 0157:H7 Camypylobater Enteritis ```
58
key terms for this diagnosis- Gram neg rod crampy lower abd pain, high fever, explosive watery diarrhea with mucous or blood. WBC >50,000 in children- febrile seizures.
Shingella
59
Diagnostic tests for Shigella
WBC >50,000 | sigmoid = punctate areas of ulceration
60
Treatment for Shigella
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (bactrium) | fluroqinolones - ciprofloxacin
61
key terms for this diagnosis- containmined pork, milk water or tofu abd pain in right low quad- mimic appendicitis abd guarding fevers
Yersinia Enterocolitica
62
Treatment of Yersinia Enterocolitica
Fluoquinolones- ciprofloaxcin, levofloxacin
63
key terms for this diagnosis- gastroenteriris from poultry, dairy or exotic pets like retiles-turtles high risk patients- immunocomproised with pea-soup stools, fevers*
Salmonella typhimurium
64
Treatment for Salmonella typhimurium
Fluroquinolones | ceftriazone -> two weeks if severe
65
key terms for this diagnosis- gastroenteriris from undercooked gorund beef, unpasterurized milk/apple cider, day care or contaminated water bloody diarrhea with fevers
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli 0157: H7
66
Treatment for Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli 0157: H7
controversial | increases risk of HUS in children
67
key terms for this diagnosis- gastroenteritis from gram neg rod from poulty, raw milk, water and dairy cattle watery diarrhea that turns to bloody diarrhea with fevers
Camplyobacter Enteritis (seagull shaped rod) C. Jejuni most common in post-infectious guillain Barre syndrome
68
What is the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in the united states
Camplyobacter Enteritis | C. Jejuni
69
Treatment for Camplyobacter Enteritis
Erythromycin* fluoroquinolones doxycycline
70
Key terms for this diagnosis- contaminated water from streams/wells beavers are the reservior frothy greasy foul smelling diarrhea no blood or pus
Giardia lamblia
71
how do you avoid Giardia lamblia
boil water for 1 min to kill cysts
72
Treatment for Giardia lamblia
Metronidazole (flagyl) - tinidazole, albendazole, quinacrine in children- furazolidone
73
What is the most common amebiasis in travelers or developing countries?
Entamoeba Histolytica
74
key terms for this diagnosis- found in a travler, dysentery, amebic liver abcess
Entamoeba Histolytica
75
Treatment for Entamoeba Histolytica
Metronidazole (flagyl)
76
what is the most common cause of diarrhea in AIDS patients
Cryptosoridium
77
what are some cause of Rapid transit of Gi contents causing Osmotic Diarrhea
Lactulose (sugars that pull water into the gut) Sorbitol (sugars that pull water into the gut) Antacids (pepto, tums, alka-selzer, milk of magnesia)
78
what are some cause of Bacterial overgrowth causing Osmotic Diarrhea
Whipple's disease- Tropheryma whippelii | Tropical sprue
79
what are some cause of Malabsorption abnormalities causing Osmotic Diarrhea
celiac sprue pancreatic insufficiency lactose intolerance
80
normal osmotic gap large volume diarrhea with fasting
secretory diarrhea
81
what are the causes of Secretory Diarrhea
1. serotonin 2. calcitonin 3. gastrin 4. Thyroxine * laxative abuse

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