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Emergency Medicine > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

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1
Q

MCC of cirrhosis in US?

A

alcohol

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2
Q

Skin changes associated with cirrhosis?

A

palmar erythema; dupuytren’s contractures

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3
Q

CM of hepatic encephalopathy:

A

confusion + lethargy; asterixis (flapping tremor) and fetor hepaticus

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4
Q

Tx of hepatic encephalopathy:

A

lactulose; rifaximin

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5
Q

Pruritus tx in hepatitis

A

cholestyramine

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6
Q

HCC screening:

A

US + AFP

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7
Q

Esophageal varices tx

A

BB (propranolol, timolol, nadolol)

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8
Q

Ruptured esophageal varices tx

A
  • stabilize, abx, octreotide

- Once stabilized, emergency GI endoscopy to ligate

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9
Q

MC complication of cirrhosis

A

ascites

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10
Q

Serum ascites albumin gradient of x makes portal HTN likely?

A

> 1.1 g/dL

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11
Q

MCC of gastritis

A

h. pylori

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12
Q

dx of gastritis

A

endoscopy (thick edematous erosions <0.5 cm)

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13
Q

Gastritis (h.pylori +) tx (3)

A

clarithromycin + amoxicillin + PPI

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14
Q

Gastritis (h.pylori +) tx (4)

A

PPI + bismuth + metronidazole + tetracycline

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15
Q

Gastritis (h.pylori -) tx

A

PPI, H2, antacids, sucralfate

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16
Q

If no response to gastritis treatment after x, one should pursue?

A

4-8 weeks

GI endoscopy, US, test for h.pylori

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17
Q

Backpacker’s diarrhea

A

Giardia

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18
Q

Gastroenteritis associated with: fried rice

A

bacillus cereus

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19
Q

Gastroenteritis associated with: raw shellfish in Gulf of Mexico

A

vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio

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20
Q

Gastroenteritis associated with: rice water stools

A

vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio

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21
Q

Gastroenteritis associated with: clindamycin use

A

c. diff

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22
Q

Tx for c. diff

A

metronidazole

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23
Q

MCC of bacterial enterits

A

camplobacter jejuni

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24
Q

MC antecedent event in post-infectious GBS

A

camplobacter jejuni

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25
Gastroenteritis associated with: S comma, seagull shaped
camplobacter jejuni
26
Camplobacter jejuni tx
Erythromycin
27
Shigella tx
bactrim
28
Gastroenteritis associated with: typhoid fever
salmonella
29
Typhoid fever CM:
cephalic phase (HA, constipation, pharyngitis, cough) --> crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, pea soup stools, tractable fever, relative brady, hepatospleno, blanching rose spots
30
Gastroenteritis associated with: pea soup stools
salmonella
31
Gastroenteritis associated with: large voluminous stools
non-invasvie
32
Gastroenteritis associated with: many small volume stools
invasive
33
Types of hepatitis assoc with chronicity
HBV, HCV, HDV
34
Jaundice occurs when levels >
2.5 mg/dL
35
Is bilirubin seen with conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin?
conjugated
36
Dark urine is seen with conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin?
conjugated
37
Is conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin toxic?
unconjugated
38
AST; ALT >2
alcoholic hepatitis
39
ALT > AST | >1000
acute viral hepatitis
40
ALT > AST | <400
chronic viral hepatitis
41
Increase alk phosphate assoc with
biliary obstruction
42
What is the most sensitive indicator of biliary injury?
GGT
43
What type of hepatitis is associated with spiking fevers?
hepatitis A
44
Hep A transmission
fecal oral
45
MCC of hep A
asymptomatic children <6 y/o
46
Hep A tx
self-limiting
47
Post-exposure Hep A
HAV immune globulin
48
Which hep is most likely to become chronic?
hep c (80%)
49
Tx of hep C
pegylated interferon a-2b and ribavirin
50
Hep D requires Hep x co-infection
Hep B
51
PID treatment
doxy + ceftriaxone +/- metro
52
Chronic cases of Hep B are MC
perinatally acquired
53
Hep B causes increase risk of?
hepatocellular cancer
54
First evidence of Hep B infection?
HBsAg
55
If HBsAg is + for >6 months -->
chronic
56
HBsAb indicates?
distant resolved infection or vaccination
57
If no development of HBsAb within 6 months?
chronic
58
HBcAb indicates?
IgM vs. IgG
59
HBeAg (envelope) indicates?
increase viral replication and increased infectivity; if increased for >3 mo, likelihood of developing chronic
60
HBeAb (envelope) indicates?
waning viral replication
61
Acute hep B tx?
supportive
62
Chronic hep B tx?
a-interferon 2 b

Emergency Medicine (7 decks)

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